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Maircus IV Copyright

By: Group 2 Marcojos, Mae Bonoen, Angelique 11 Coronado,

I. Introduction

World War I

August 1914-November 1918 violent and destructive wars in European history more than 10 million killed more than 20 million wounded Great War or the World War
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home front

I. Introduction: War Began

2 coalitions of European countries

Allied Powers

United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Serbia, Montenegro and The Russian Empire Japan (1914), Italy (1915), US (1917)

Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire (1914), Bulgaria (1915)

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32 countries, 28 of which supported the Allies.

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Causes

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary Assassinated by Serbian nationalist spark that caused war to be declared.
Maircus IV Copyright political and economic 44

Germany

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Other causes

The Scramble for Africa (1870-1914) The dispute over Alsace Lorraine

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Other causes

The RussoTurkish War

BALKAN (area between Austria and Turkey)

Naval Race Britain and German y

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Other causes

The alliance systems set up to prevent war meant that any major political disputes would inevitably lead to a large rather than a small conflict. Nationalism A desire for independence

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OVERVIEW OF WORLD WAR 1

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The Start of the War

July28,1914- World War I began when AustriaHungary declared war on Serbia
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Germany, Russia, Great Britain, and France drawn into the war because they were involved in treaties that obligated them to defend certain other nations
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Western and eastern fronts quickly opened along the borders of Germany and Austria-Hungary.
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The Western and Eastern Fronts

WEST- Germany attacked first Belgium and then France
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EAST - Russia attacked both Germany and Austria-Hungary

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SOUTH - Austria-Hungary attacked Serbia BATTLE OF MARNE - September59,1914

- Western front became entrenched in central France and remained that way for the rest of the war. The fronts in the east also gradually locked into place.

The Ottoman Empire

October 1914 - Ottoman Empire joined the war on the side of the Central Powers
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Two German ships, flying the Ottoman flag, bombarded ports along the Russian Black Sea coast on October 30.
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Russia, Britain, and France declared war on the Ottoman Empire.

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Britain and France launched a failed attack on the Dardanelles

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British invasion of the Gallipoli Peninsula and a separate campaign against the Turks in Mesopotamia.
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Trench Warfare
1916 and 1917
Dominated by continued trench warfare in both the east and the west
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Soldiers fought from dug-in positions, striking at each other with machine guns, heavy artillery, and chemical weapons.
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Though soldiers died by the millions in brutal conditions, neither side had any substantive success or gained any advantage.
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The United States Entrance and Russias Exit

April 1917- the United States, angered by attacks upon its ships in the Atlantic, declared war on Germany.
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November 1917Bolshevik Revolution prompted Russia to pull out of the war.

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The End of the War and Armistice

The fighting between exhausted, demoralized troops continued to plod along until the Germans lost a number of individual battles and gradually began to fall back.
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Late fall of 1918- war ended after the member countries of the Central Powers signed armistice agreements one by one.
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November11,1918 - Germany was the last to sign its armistice

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RESULT OF THE AGREEMENTS:

- Austria-Hungary was broken up into several smaller countries - Germany, under the Treaty of Versailles, was severely punished with hefty economic reparations, territorial losses, and strict limits on its rights to develop militarily. 4/25/12

Germany After the War

TREATY OF VERSAILLES - Germany was entirely to blame for the war was a blatant untruth that humiliated the German people. - The treaty imposed steep war reparations payments on Germany, meant to force the country to bear the financial burden of the war. v Germany ended up paying only a small percentage of the reparations it was supposed to make, it was already stretched financially thin by the war. v Extremist groups, such as the Nazi Party, were able to exploit this humiliation and resentment and take political control of the country in the decades following.
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Aftermath of World War I

The German, AustroHungarian, and Russian empires ceased to exist, and the Ottoman Empire soon followed them into oblivion.
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New nations

Victors and vanquished alike faced an enormous recovery challenge after four years of financial loss, economic deprivation, and

Aftermath of World War I

The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty that officially ended World War I. The U.S. Senate refused to approve the 4/25/12 treaty in part

Lessons from The Great War

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Never go to war unless you think you can win. Modern total wars of attrition between great power states will be economically debilitating for both the victor and vanquished alike. Punitive peace proves problematic. Chemical warfare is all, but too destructive to be considered as a means for aggression or defense. Preparation is of utmost concern.

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Being exposed to unfamiliar and terrifying weapons has huge psychological effects.

Despite the dawning of a modern world, cultured nations demonstrated a willingness to use chemical weapons to destroy each other, which signifies that human beings usually goes back to two of their basic instincts: survival and supremacy.

Inability and lack of urgency regarding how nations engage in war only aggravates existing conditions.

War only leads to yet another war.

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Though neutrality is a more favored way of dealing with wars, one cannot always draw a blind eye against them, especially if they conflict ones ideals and beliefs towards a particular issue.

Shouldve been just a war between two nations, but instead was turned into a World War by old treaties and obligations. (i.e What Germany was to Austria-Hungary) thats why sometimes, it is better to let those disagreeing countries settle their own issues when possible.

As soon as international warfare is launched, nobody can predict the outcome.

International war breeds civil war, and civil war is much more uglier and intolerable than international war because there are no limits.

Technology of warfare expands much more rapidly than the capacity of political leaders to control it.

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Easy access of individuals to democratic procedures is very fragile. Warfare suspends democracy. How high the price is victory? That's a question we owe to the First World War. And the question is still with us today
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And always in my ears was the deep rumble of the guns, those great booming thunder blows, speaking from afar and with awful significance of the great battle, which seemed to be deciding the destiny of our civilization and the new life of nations which was to come perhaps out of all this death.
-from 'The Soul of the War' (1915) by journalist Philip Gibbs describing 4/25/12 the Battle of Marne

The End

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