Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
References: 1. Modern Plastic Handbook, (2000), Edited By Charles A Harper, McGraw Hill. 2. Extruding Plastic , (1998), D.V. Rosato, Chapman & Hall. 3. Plastics Engineering (1998) R.J. Crawford, Butterworth-Heinemann
The inflated bubble is closed off at the bottom by the die and at the top by the nip rollers.
While the nip rollers collapse the bubble, they also stretch the film and serve as a take-off device for the line. An air ring above the die cools the bubble so that the film is solid when it reaches the nip rollers. After it passes through the rollers, the collapsed film (or layflat) is wound up on a roll.
Film Blowing
Nip Rollers
Sizing Basket
Extruder
Die/Blower Assembly
Film Blowing
Industrial scale film blowing systems
Film Blowing
Bubble stabilizing frames & film thickness monitoring systems
Cooling System
Cooling systems are affected by single-lip air rings, dual-lip air rings, and internal bubble cooling.
Cooling System
Dual Lip Air Ring:
Another approach is a dual-lip air ring, which provides better cooling and improved bubble stability. Low-velocity air flow from the lower ring, Q1, stabilizes the bubble. In contrast, high-velocity air flow from the upper ring, Q2, cools the melt. Since Q2 is much greater than Q1, a dual-lip air ring provides high inlet velocity without turbulence.
Cooling System
Internal bubble cooling:
Internal bubble cooling (IBC) uses a dual-lip air ring to cool the outside of the bubble while refrigerated air cools the inside of the bubble. Since the internal cooling air is introduced through the mandrel, IBC requires computerized monitoring of pressure within the bubble in order to maintain a constant bubble pressure. It provides better cooling than air rings alone, and so permits increased output, faster start-up, and tighter lay-flat (collapsed bubble) control.
Cooling System
Internal bubble cooling:
Where BR is the blow up ratio It is the ratio of Bubble diameter to die diameter Db/Dd
Question: A plastic shrink wrapping with a thickness of 0.05 mm is to be produced using an annular die with a die gap of 0.8 mm. Assuming that the inflation of the bubble dominates the orientation in the film, determine the blow-up ratio required to give uniform biaxial orientation.
Question: A plastic film, 0.1 mm thick, is required to have its orientation in the transverse direction twice that in the machine direction. If the film blowing die has a die gap of 1 mm, estimate the blow-up ratio which will be required.