INDEX

Interesting data Types of diseases caused by water. How to prevent these diseases. Most affected places.

INTERESTING DATA
There are currently 1,100 million people without access to safe water. It is estimated that 3,000 million people lack of toilets. The lack of sanitary facilities for the disposal of waste and clean water consumption is the cause of more than 12 million deaths a year.

Types of diseases caused by water.

Transmitted by water. Based on water. With home vector in water. Due to water shortage.

TRANSMITTED BY WATER
Bacteria that are in the "dirty water" used for drinking, cooking and washing.
Cholera Typhoid fever Meningitis Hepatitis A Diarrhea

CHOLERA

Is acquired from ingestion of food or drinking water containing the bacteria "Vibrio cholerae. In epidemics spread through the feces. Associated with raw oysters.

TYPHOID FEVER

Produced by "Salmonella thypi" through the fecal-oral contamination. Flies can transmit these diseases.

MENINGITIS
Some types of bacterial meningitis are spread through direct contact with secretions from the mouth or throat of an infected person (for example, by kissing).

HEPATITIS A

Caused by the Virus heptatotropo (sp) is transmitted through food contaminated by faeces, such as fruits or vegetables. Hepatitis A is rarely transmitted by infected saliva and it is NOT contagious through sexual contact, except when it's kind anal sex.

DIARRHEA
Viral infections
caused by bacteria. As Staphylococcus (sp) and parasites. [eg. Decomposed food (milk).]

BASED ON WATER
Caused

by aquatic organisms that spend the first part of their life cycle in water and the second one as parasites of animals. Ingested by humans or penetrate through the skin.
Dracunculosis

Paragonimiasis Clonorquiasis Esquistosomiasis

DRACUNCULOSIS

Caused by the "Guinea worm". It is a disease that causes painful and distorting ulcerous sores on the skin.

PARAGONIMIASIS

Caused by the worm Paragonimus. It resembles tuberculosis because it is located in the lungs. It Causes inflammation of the lung tissue, cough and stained sputum.

CLONORQUIASIS
Produced by the "Clonorsis sinensis" (sp). It attacks the liver and bile ducts. It is transmitted through the raw fish.

ESQUISTOSOMIASIS
Produced by the platelminth worm Schistosoma. The infection occurs when bathing in ponds and lakes with water contaminated by this type of

WITH HOME VECTOR IN THE WATER

Vector-born infections (insects) that breed near polluted waters or not.
Malaria Yellow fever Dengue Filariasis

MALARIA

Produced by the parasite "Plasmodium". It is spread through the bite of a female mosquito. It causes fever, diarrhea, muscle aches, cough.

YELLOW FEVER

Viral infectious disease caused by the Flavivirus amaril. It spreads through the bite of mosquitoes in tropical areas. It is called yellow because it causes an increase of bilirubin varying skin colour.

DENGUE
Viral disease caused by four viruses (DEN1, 2,3 and 4). It produces fever and intense pain in joints and muscles. It is spread through the female mosquito Stegomyia aegypti.

FILARIASIS

Caused by a nematode "Filaroidea (sp) which is transmitted through flies or mosquitoes. It causes an inflammatory reaction that makes the parasite become fibrotic and it is wrapped in healing capsules.

DUE TO WATER SCARCITY

These diseases are caused by lack of water for personal hygiene and inadequate sanitation.

Trachoma Leprosy Tuberculosis Whooping cough

TRACHOMA

Eye disease caused by bacteria. It is spread through contact, and causes red eyes, photophobia, excessive tearing and even blindness.

LEPROSY

Produced by the Bacillus hansen. Before it was incurable and mutilating. It is spread from person to person by direct and prolonged contact. It produces large hiperesthetical spots and

TUBERCULOSIS

It is a contagious and deadly infection. It is produced by amycobacterium. It affects the lungs, circulatory and lymphatic system, and so on. It is transmitted through the air when a sick person coughs or sneezes.

WHOOPING COUGH

Cocobacilus is caused by Bordetella pertussis. Contagion: direct contact with secretions from the nose and throat affected. It produces a tracheobronquial inflamamation and affects the nervous and myocardium system.

Prevention of these diseases

The diseases transmitted by the water are produced by the water contaminated with human, animal or chemical tailing. These diseases can be prevent by following certain measures of prevention.

Measures of prevention
Boil or chlorinate the
whole drinkable water. (The drinkable water that we use in our houses is before chlorinated and treated, though in many cases it will be advisable to install systems of filtration)

Measures of prevention

Use drinkable water for cooking and drinking.

Measures of prevention
Wash hands before manipulating food. Wash hands after going to the watercloset. (For cleaning hands correctly we must use soap or ash)

Measures of prevention
Store

properly the water in a clean container with a small opening, which must be covered to prevent the water from contaminating.

Measures of prevention

Avoid eating raw or slightly cooked fish and seafood.

Measures of prevention

Never eat raw fruits or vegetables which could be irrigated with contaminated water.

Measures of prevention

Not to consume food that come from animals that could have been infected by some type of virus or bacterium.

Measures of prevention

Have a shower before swimming.

Measures of prevention

Do not swallow water when we swim in pools or ponds.

Measures of prevention

10

Do not swim if you suffer from diarrhea (It is possible to contaminate water easily, and if someone swallows a small quantity of this, can become ill).

Measures of prevention

11

To check the childrens nappies before swimming, and if possible use disposable nappies adjustable to the body (so as not to contaminate the water with fecal matter).

Most affected places by these diseases

Areas

with tape microbiologically unsafe tap water. Areas with water shortage. Aeras of contaminated waters. Areas which suffer natural disasters.

Tape microbiologically unsafe water

It is given especially in regions of Latin America and the Caribbean, where they have current water in many cases, but it is not correctly treated.

Water shortage

It happens especially in Africa and Asia, where it is sometimes necessary to travel several kilometres to be able to obtain water, almost always in inadequate conditions for the consumption (wells and pools).

Contaminated waters
Because

of industrial activities, indiscriminate spillages, bad use of pesticides and fertilizers.

Natural disasters
These type of phenomena destroy or contaminate the water supply, promoting in this way the appearance of epidemics. This devasting is also caused by human being (wars).

END
by: Melody Muoz Ana Galiana