OVARIAN CANCER/TUMORS

NAME:MUHAMMAD IRFAN SUBJECT:REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH DATE:18/04/2012

OBJECTIVES Define ovarian cancer 2) Explain the types of ovarian cancer 3) Explain the causes and risk factors of ovarian cancer. 4) Describe the Sign and Symptoms of ovarian cancer 5) List the investigations required. 6) Describe management of ovarian cancer medical management surgical management 7) Describe nursing management of ovarian cancer
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Ovarian cancer
An

ovarian tumor is a growth of abnormal cells that may be either noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant). Although benign tumors are made up of abnormal cells, these cells don't spread to other body tissues (metastasize).while malignant cells can spread to other parts of body such as abdomin,uterine tubes and uterus etc.

Types of ovarian cancer

There are more than 30 types and subtypes of ovarian cancer. Each of these types has its own diseased tissues, behavioral tendencies, and appearance. The types of groups of ovarian cancer are:

Germ cell tumors:

Tumor which originate from cells that are supposed to form eggs inside the ovary.

Epithelial tumors:
Epithelial tumors are those which arise from cells that line or are found around the ovaries.
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Stromal ovarian cancer (sex cord stromal tumors) - develops within the cells
that hold the ovaries together.

Cancers from other organs in the body can spread to the ovaries - metastatic cancers - a metastatic cancer is one that
spreads from where it first arose as a primary tumor to other locations in the body.

Causes and Risk factors

Family history Age High number of total lifetime ovulations Late start of menopause Early start of menstruation (early menarche) Never having taken the contraceptive pill Infertility or fertility treatment Breast cancer HRT (Hormone replacement therapy) Foods high in acrylamide Obesity/overweight Endometriosis
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Sign and symptoms of ovarian cancer

abdominal

discomfort pressure or pain abdominal swelling change in bowel habits feeling full after a light meal gas upset stomach feeling that the bowel has not completely emptied
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cont
pain

in lower back or leg more frequent or urgent urination abnormal vaginal bleeding pain during intercourse Unexplained back pain that worsens over time Vaginal bleeding that occurs in between periods Weight gain or loss

Lab investigations
Physical

exam Pelvic exam Blood tests Ultrasound Biopsy CA-125 Computed tomography Barium enema x-ray Magnetic resonance imaging Transviginal ultrasound
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Medical management
Stage

1 ovarian cancer,women typically receive irradiation or chemotherapy after surgery to destroy cancer cells that may spread into abdominal cavity. womens with stage 2 or higher ovarian cancer ovarian cancer receive systemic chemotherapy,with inclusion of pelvic and possibly abdominal radiation.

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Surgical management
TAH-BSO:TAH-BSO

is the surgery of choice. partial or complete omentectomy,and removal of all visible tumors.

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Nursing care of ovarian cancer

Assessment:

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Nursing interventions
Administer

anxiolytic and analgesic medications as prescribed and provide support throughout the diagnostic process. Administer or teach the patient or caregiver to administer antiemetics as needed for nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy. Encourage small, frequent, bland meals or liquid nutritional supplements as able. Assess the need for I.V. fluids if patient is vomiting. Prepare the patient for body image changes resulting from chemotherapy. Encourage the patient to prepare ahead of time with turbans, wig, hats, and so forth.
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Cont
Stress

the positive effects of the patients treatment plan. Prepare the patient for surgery as indicated. Postoperatively, reposition frequently and encourage early ambulation to promote comfort and prevent adverse effects. Explain to the patient that ovary removal will cause menopausal symptoms. Tell the patient that disease progression will be monitored closely by laboratory tests and that a second-look laparoscopy may be necessary.
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