ZigBee

Presentation by Srinivas Shenoy A. Yateesh Kumar.M.N. LOGO

Outline
Introduction. ZigBee Architecture. ZigBee Topologies. Initialization And Operation. ZigBee Advantages And Applications.

Introduction.

What it is?
ZigBee is an established set of specifications for wireless personal area networking (WPAN), i.e. digital radio connections between computers and related devices. It is ratified under IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Networking Standards. IEEE 802.15.4-2006 is a standard which specifies the physical layer and media access control for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs). ZigBee is targeted at radio-frequency (RF) applications that require a low data rate, long battery life, and secure networking.

General characteristics.

Bluetooth vs. IEEE 802.15.4.

Bluetooth based WPAN Few devices Data range is 10m to 100m Data rate is nearly 1Mb/s Power consumption is a low. Battery life is low. Star only. IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN Many devices Data range is nearly 10m Data rate is 20 kb/s,40kb/s,250kb/s. Power consumption is ultra low. Battery lasts years. peer to peer, Star, Tree, Mesh.

Zigbee vs Wifi
zigbee
Data range 0-10 meters. Data rate is 20,40,250kb/s. Power consumption is ultra low. Battery life is high. Star, tree or mesh topology.

wifi
Data range 50-100m Data rate is 11,54Mb/s. Power consumption is high. Battery life is very low. Point to hub topology.

ZIGBEE alliance.
The ZigBee Alliance is an association of companies involved with building higher-layer standards based on IEEE 802.15.4. This includes network, security, and application protocols. A rapidly growing, worldwide, non-profit industry consortium consisting of Leading semiconductor manufacturers, Technology providers, End-users. An Organization with a mission to define reliable, cost-effective, low-power, wirelessly networked, monitoring and control products based on an open global standard.

Architecture.

Basic Architecture.

Basic Architecture. 1.Application Level

The Application level contains the applications that run on the network node.

2.ZigBee Stack Level

It consists of stack layers concerned with network structure, routing and security (encryption, key management and authentication).

3.Physical/Data Link Level

The Physical/Data Link level is concerned with low-level network operation such as addressing and message transmission/reception.

IEEE 802.15.4 PHY

Features
Activation/Deactivation of radio transceiver Energy Detection (ED) Link Quality Indication (LQI) Channel Selection Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) Transmission/Reception of packets over physical medium

IEEE 802.15.4 PHY

PLCP protocol data unit
Gives details about all the information collected above. Consists of SHR and PHR.

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC

Features
The Media Access Control (MAC) sub-layer. Is a sublayer of the Data Link Layer specified in the seven-layer OSI model (layer 2). It provides addressing and channel access control mechanisms that make it possible for several terminals or network nodes to communicate within a multi-point network.

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC

The MAC layer addressing mechanism is called physical address or MAC address. A MAC address is a unique serial number. Once a MAC address has been assigned to a particular piece of network hardware, that device should be uniquely identifiable amongst all other network devices in the world. This guarantees that each device in a network will have a different MAC address.

Application layer.
Endpoints
These application instances on a node are said to be endpoints, where messages can originate and terminate. Endpoint addresses for user applications are numbered from 1 to 240. Endpoint 255 can be used to send data to all applications on a node.

ZigBee Device Objects (ZDO)

Endpoint address 0 on each node is reserved for a special application called the ZDO (ZigBee Device Objects).

Application frameworks and saps

Application Framework The Application Framework (AF) contains the application objects and facilitates interaction between the applications and the APS layer Service Access Points A Service Access Point (SAP) implements a set of operations to pass information and commands between layers

 There are usually four types of operation implemented by a SAP: 1. Request . 2. Confirm. 3. Response. 4. Indication.