COTTER JOINT

A.Sriram Lokesh Agarwal Y.Yeswanth Sriharsha G.Suresh

WHAT IS A COTTER JOINT?

A

cotter pin is a temporary fastener, used to connect rigidly two co-axial bars, subjected to axial forces, which may be tensile/compressive. The cotter pin is rectangular and its width is tapered(either one side or both sides) from one end to other end for easy dismantling. The taper varies from 1 in 48 to 1 in 24. This is usually made of mild steel.
1 24

WHAT IS A COTTER JOINT?

These

types of joints are used to connect the end of a rod or bar to a shaft. The end of the bar has a hole in it and it is called a lug. The hole carries a shaft. This shaft is locked in place by a smaller pin that passes through the side of the lug and partly or completely through the shaft itself. This locking pin is named a cotter, which sometimes is also applied to the whole joint.

APPLICATIONS
It

is used in the connection between piston rod and cross-head of stem engine, pump and reciprocating engine Joining of tail rod with piston rod of a wet air pump Foundation bolt Connecting two halves of fly wheel (cotter and dowel arrangement) The obvious example is on a bicycle where both pedal bars are separately locked by a cotter pin, on their common driving shaft having the sprocket wheel.

T YPES OF COTTER JOINTS

Following

are the three commonly used cotter joints to connect two rods by a cotter :

1.Socket and spigot cotter joint 2.Sleeve and cotter joint 3.Gib and cotter joint.

SOCKET AND SPIGOT COTTER JOINT

socket

and spigot cotter joint is an attachment of 2 rods in such a way that it can transfer axial compression or tensile load. Two rods are connected in such a way that one end of the first rod is enlarged and made hollow to some length and the second rod, which is a solid one, is inserted into the first and the cotter is driven tightly through a rectangular slot made perpendicular to the axis of both rods .clearance between rods and cotter is provided for perfect fitness and thereto proper functioning. The first hallow rod is called socket and the second solid rod is called spigot.

SOCKET AND SPIGOT COTTER JOINT

P = Load carried by the rods d = Diameter of the rods d1 = Outside diameter of socket d2 = Diameter of spigot or inside diameter of socket

3D VIEW

2.SLEEVE AND COTTER JOINT

This

is similar to sleeve and muff coupling, but this is used to connect two rods which are subjected to axial loads. The sleeve or muff coupling is used to connect two rods , subjected to torsional loads.

3D VIEW

3.GIB AND COTTER JOINT.

A

gib and cotter joint is usually used in strap end(or big end) of connecting rod in order to have a perfect connection. This rod is used to connect square rods

3.GIB AND COTTER JOINT.

COTTER JOINT MODES OF FAILURE

TENSION FAILURE
F

F
SOCKET BREAKING IN TENSION ACROSS SLOT

FIG 02: STEEL SPIGOT BREAKING IN TENSION OUTSIDE THE JOINT

1. FAILURE OF THE RODS IN TENSION

The

rods may fail in tension due to the tensile load P. We know that Area resisting tearing From this equation, diameter of the rods ( d ) may be determined.

FAILURE OF SPIGOT IN TENSION ACROSS THE WEAKEST SECTION (OR SLOT)

Since

the weakest section of the spigot is that section which has a slot in it for the cotter From this equation, the diameter of spigot or inside diameter of socket (d2) may be determined.

FAILURE OF THE SOCKET IN TENSION ACROSS

THE SLOT

SHEAR FAILURE

DOUBLE SHEARING OF SOCKET END

DOUBLE SHEARING OF COTTER PIN

SHEARING AWAY OF THE COLLAR IN THE SPIGOT

SHEARING AWAY OF SOCKET (IF dw < d l)

SHEARING OF SPIGOT END

2.FAILURE OF ROD END IN SHEAR

FAILURE OF SOCKET END IN SHEARING

From this equation, the thickness of socket collar (c) may be obtained.

FAILURE OF COTTER IN SHEAR

Considering

the failure of cotter in shear as shown in Fig. Since the cotter is in double shear, therefore shearing area of the cotter

FAILURE OF THE SPIGOT COLLAR IN SHEARING

BEARING FAILURE

CRUSHING OF COTTER PIN AGAINST SOCKET CRUSHING OF COTTER PIN AGAINST ROD END

3. FAILURE OF THE COTTER IN CRUSHING

FAILURE OF THE SOCKET COLLAR IN

CRUSHING

FAILURE OF SPIGOT COLLAR IN

CRUSHING

The

length of cotter (l) is taken as 4 d