Each answer to the clues below ends in the letters -art. How many can you get?

1. A portion of the whole 2. A navigators map 3. To make a beginning 4. Clever; intelligent 5. Seat of the emotions; part of the body 6. To leave; go away 7. A two-wheeled horse drawn vehicle 8. To pass on information; communicate knowledge 9. A fruit-filled pastry 10. To frustrate; oppose and defeat a plan

My Pet Peeves Two common annoyances in everyday life really bother me. The first one is the loudness of TV commercials. Television has a lot of commercials, and I understand that TV companies need many sponsors. Thats OK, but I dont understand why the volume is so high. It hurts my ears. Sometimes I grab the remote control in a hurry and turn the volume down, but this is a big bother. It is stressful to me to hear the loud commercials, and it is annoying to have to turn the volume down and up again so often. The other annoyance is the large amount of junk mail that I receive. My mailbox is completely filled every day with mostly useless material. I hate to sort through all the junk to separate out what is important from what is not. Some junk mail pretends that it is very important or official. This is very confusing and time-consuming for a person like me who cannot read English well. I am sure that other people feel the way I do. I am sure that many people are tired of advertisers intruding on their personal lives and robbing them of their time and energy.

Not Such a Good Day When I came here to California, I bought a new car right away. Even though I had an international drivers license, I had never driven in this country. One day, I drove my parents, my daughter, and my son to go shopping at Del Amo. We bought some things, ate pizza, drank coffee, and talked with each other. It was a good day. When we came out, I had to wait to turn left from the parking lot. The cars were going by very close to the front of my car. I thought maybe I was in the way, so I backed up without looking in the rearview mirror. I backed into the care in back of me. It was a new BMW.

Oh my God! I was so embarrassed. I didnt know what to do. It was definitely my fault. I showed the other driver my insurance papers. That was all I could do. A good day turned into a bad day. After that day, I drove more carefully, and since that day, I always check the rearview mirror while driving.

Eating couscous with bare hands is difficult.

I like to eat ice cream after eating dinner.

Gerund= the ing verb form that acts as a NOUN Examples: Learning, running, writing, speaking

**Gerunds can have many different functions in a sentence. Making friends can be difficult. My job is working in the library. Paul likes most sports except fishing. **Gerunds can be negative. Ex. He enjoys not working.

Infinitive= the verb form that follows to Example: to speak, to walk, to write

Function of infinitives in a sentence

1. NOUN Subject* To make new friends can be difficult. Predicate My job is to work in the library. Object Paul hates to study. 2. MODIFY A NOUN Permission to drive depends on getting a license. My ability to study is greater when its quiet.

3. IT IS + ADJECTIVE + INFITIVE It is difficult to get a drivers license. It is easy to learn the English language.

Gerund OR infinitive????
Some of the verbs that can be followed by GERUNDS Admit Appreciate Cant stand Consider Defend Deny Dont mind Enjoy Forget Imagine Like Need Permit Risk Stop Try Urge allow Begin Complete Continue Delay Discuss Encourage Finish Hate Keep Love Neglect Practice Start Suggest Understand Some of the verbs that can be followed by INFINITIVES Agree Ask Cant stand Choose Continue Decide Deserve Fail Hate Hope Like Learn Plan Prepare Refuse Seem Wait Appear Begin Care Claim Would like Demand Expect Forget Hesitate Intend Love Need Prefer Promise Regret Try Want

A few extra notes

Use INFINITIVE when expressing purpose Ex. The men escaped to avoid punishment. Verb to be + adjective + INFINTIVIE Ex. This book is easy to understand. Ex. Our friends were happy to see us. WH words (what/when/which etc) + INFINITIVE Ex. We are deciding when to go. Ex. They asked which books to buy. You can use a GERUND after a preposition He is afraid of going. She will see you before going. He is afraid to go. She will see you before she goes. She will see you before to go.

Homework: Complete sentence with a gerund or an infinitive.

My doctor is worried about my health and has told me to stop My father was angry when I went to bed without Studying for the exam is more important than Any student, having spent a year in Paris, should be very good at For our friends farewell party, we are planning On weekends, I really enjoy I am only 18 so I'm not allowed My mother taught me to never go to bed before He was so generous to offer The internet is so big, it's easy I only had ten minutes left and didn't manage... We think that we are too young to get married so we have decided