Problem: Determine the total volume of earth to be excavated up to elevation 0.

6 10m 15 10m 11 III 10m 10m

I -3

II 0 IV 6

10

Mass and Haul Diagram

HAUL : product of earth excavated and the distance it was transported to form an embankment or to be disposed as waste. unit: meter station (metric) = 1 m3 to be transported FREE HAUL DISTANCE (FHD) : fixed distance within which the hauling of material is not paid for but it is assumed to be included in the cost of excavation. OVERHAUL (OH) : product of volume in excess of the free haul mass and the length of overhaul in which payment is already required. LENGTH OF OVERHAUL (LOH) : distance between the center of gravity of mass excavation beyond the free haul mass and the center of gravity of the resulting embankment.

Mass and Haul Diagram

LENGTH OF ECONOMICAL HAUL : distance within which it is economical to haul materials than to throw them as waste.

WASTE : excavated earth to be thrown away and not to be used as filling materials. BORROW : the excavated materials obtained from borrow pits located beyond the limits of the road when the excavation for the roadway is not sufficient to form embankments.

LEH xR FHD

LEH

xL

xL FHD Vcut=Vfill

xR

NGL

Vcut=Vfill cg FGL cg waste OHM= Vcut FHM borrow cg

cg

FHM

OHM waste

Profile Diagram

Problem: Here under shows a table of quantities of earthworks of a portion of a proposed national road to be constructed to connect some provinces in the Philippines. The length of the free haul distance is specified to be 50m long. It is required to determine the stationing limits of free haul distance so as not to include in the computation of overhaul. Station 2+000 +020 +040 +060 +080 2+100 +120 +140 Cut (m2) 60 35 20 10 0 Fill (m2)

0 15 60 100

Station 2+000 +020 +040 +060 +080 2+100 +120 +140

Cut (m2) 60 35 20 10 0

Fill (m2)

0 15 60 100
FHD = 50m 2+140 2+080 15 y2 60 100

60 35 2+000 20 y1 10

1 2 3

Problem: The cross-sectional area of sta 1+460 is 40m2 in fill, at sta 2+060 is 60m2 in cut. The free haul distance is 50m. The cost of borrow is PhP4.00/m3 while the cost of excavation is PhP3.50/m3. Cost of haul is PhP0.20 per meter-station. Balancing point is at sta 1+760. Assume the ground surface to be sloping upward uniformly up to station 1+760 and then with a slightly steeper slope to sta 2+060.
LEH=450m 400-z z x FHD=50m 50-x y2 sta 1+760 y1 y3 40 xL 300 sta 2+060 y4 60

sta 1+460

xR 300

Find the following: a.Sta limits of FHD b.Sta limits of LEH c.Length of Overhaul d.Overhaul e.Cost of Haul f.Cost of Waste g.Cost of Borrow 1 2 3

Properties of a Mass Diagram

1. Grade point on the profile corresponds to a max or min point on the mass diagram. 2. Ascending line denotes cut or excavation and descending line denotes fill or embankment. 3. The difference in length between any two vertical ordinates of the mass diagram is the volume between the stations at which the ordinates were erected. 4. Between any points, where the curve is intersected by a horizontal line, excavation equals embankment. 5. In the mass diagram, a loop that forms a peak indicates a haul forward and a loop that forms a sag indicates a haul backward.

Problem: The following data represents a single summit mass diagram of a proposed expansion of the Tolosa Expressway. Free Haul Distance = 50m Limit of Economical Haul = 400m Mass Ordinate of Initial Limit of the Free Haul = +910m3 Mass Ordinate of the initial Limit of Economical Haul = +350 1.Compute the volume of waste in m3. 2.Compute the volume of overhaul in m3. 3.Compute the volume of borrow in m3.

Station 10+000 10+040 10+080 10+120 10+160 10+200 10+240 10+280 10+320 10+360 10+400 10+440 10+480 10+520 10+560 10+600

Volumes Cut Fill +200 +100 +150 +140 +110 +190 +50 -40 -120 -90 -80 -200 -220 -110 -320 -280

Station 10+000 10+040 10+080 10+120 10+160 10+200 10+240 10+280 10+320 10+360 10+400 10+440 10+480 10+520 10+560 10+600

Volumes Cut +200 +100 +150 +140 +110 +190 +50 -40 -120 -90 -80 -200 -220 -110 -320 -280

Mass Ordinate Fill +200 +300 +450 +590 +700 +890 +940 +900 +780 +690 +610 +410 +190 +80 -240 -520

1. Volume of waste Volume of Waste = 350 200 Volume of Waste = 150 m3 2. Overhaul Volume Overhaul Volume = 910 350 Overhaul Volume = 560 m3 3. Volume of Borrow Volume of Borrow = 350 + 520 Volume of Borrow = 870 m3