Optimal Operation of Wind/Electric Utility

Interconnected Electrical Power System

Using Neural Network

Faculty of Engineering, Elminia University,

Elminia, Egypt
1
 Object of this paper

This paper introduces an application of an artificial

neural network on the operation control of the
WTG/ utility grid to improve system efficiency and
reliability.

2
This paper focus on a hybrid system consists of
wind system accompanied with battery storage
interconnected with utility grid taking into
account the variation of wind speed and load
demand during the day. Different feed forward
neural network architectures are trained and
tested with data containing a variety of operation
patterns. A simulation is carried out over one year
using the hourly data of the load demand and
wind speed at El'Zafranna site, Egypt as a case
study.

3
The WES can be either connected to EU without
BS or connected to EU with BS. The WES without
batteries operates only when wind speeds and the
EU supply present but do not supply local loads if
the EU fails and if the wind speeds become low.
If the WTG's exceed local load and excess power is
exported, if they are less than local load the
shortage will be supplied from the EU. If the EU
fails the inverter disconnect from the EU, local load
can be supplied from the battery and from WES.
The battery will discharge if WTGs are less than
local load and be charged when they exceed local
load. WES with BS ensures that all renewable
energy generated can be utilized.

4
The WES connected to EU with BS is extremely popular for
homeowners and small businesses where backup power is
required for critical loads, uninterruptible power supply, cost
saving and power quality improvement, telecommunications
backup and other necessities [2], [3], [4], [5]. The BS can
then be recharged from future excess generation or during off-
peak hours. Storage energy can be provided for local load or
critical loads when market prices are the highest and consume
when they are the lowest.

5
This paper describes a renewable energy system that
can provide a total energy of 432*106 kWh to feed the
load demand. The system has been designed to supply
continuous power of 100 MW load and has the
following capabilities:
• Maximizes the electric power produced by the WES
by detecting and tracking the point of maximum
power.
• Stores the future excess generation or during off-
peak hours electric energy in lead-acid batteries.
• Controls the charge and discharge processes of the
batteries by using NN.
• connects the load demand to the BS when the WES
and EU system fail. 6
WES Connected To EU With BS
In this type of intertie system, the load
demand has a WES, EU and BS as shown in
Fig. 1. If load demand requirements exceed
the WES, the shortfall is automatically
made up by the EU. If the EU power fails,
power will be drawn instantly from the
backup batteries to support the load
demand. Switching time in case of EU
failure is so fast. The connection operation
has been done by a neural network. Power
flows from the system shown in Fig. 1 must
P (t) ± P (t) ± P (t) = P (t) (1)
satisfy (1). WES g bat L 7
Wind Spee
S te p -u p
T ra n sfo rm e r

G . B . I .G . A C /D C D C /A C F ilte r
V d c w

S 4 W b B u s b a r

B a tte ry S to ra g e
(B S )

S te p -d o w n S 3 W b
T ra n sfo rm e r S 1 W b
~
E U
Input B u s b a r S 2 W b
O u tp u t

N N fo r W T G /E U
a c c o m p a n ie d w ith B S L o a d

ig. 1. General configuration of the WES/EU/BS

interconnected system.

8
The operation of the four switches shown in Fig. 1 can
be summarized as shown in following Table .

Generated power vs.

Mode S1Wb S2Wb S3Wb S4Wb
Load demand

PWES < PL
1 OFF ON OFF 1
i.e wind speed is very low
PWES > PL
2 ON OFF OFF 1
i.e. wind speed is high
PWES > PL
3 ON OFF ON 1
i.e. wind speed is very high
4 ON ON OFF 0 PWES =0

9
 Load Characteristic
It is assumed here
that the load demand
varies monthly. This
means that each
month has daily load
curve different from
other months.
Therefore, there are
twelve daily load
curves through the
year. Fig. 2 shows the
daily load curves for
January, April, July Fig. 2. The daily load curves for January, April,
July and October [6].
and October [6].

10
 System Simulation
A new computer program has been
proposed and written using Matlab
software to simulate the system shown in
Fig. 1. The flowchart of this program is
shown in Fig. 3.

11
 S ta rt

R e a d H o u r y w in d s p e e d ,
P a r a m e te r s o f W T G , H o u r ly
L o a d d e m a n d

F o r i= 1 :1 :1 2 m o n th

F o r tim e = 1 :1 :2 4 h r

B a tte rie s a re
c h a r g e d i.e . If W in d s p e e d
y e s ( t) < L im it o r
S 4 W b = 1
a n d th e lo a d is f e d In v e r te r
f a ilu r e
f ro m g rid
N o

F e e d th e lo a d y e s If w in d s p e e d N o
S 1 W b = O N ( t) > L im it o r
P W E S ( t) > P L ( t)

If S O C ( t) > N o
S u rp lu s p o w e r s e n d 0 .2 * s iz e o f
If S O C ( t) > N o
to B a tte r y b a tte r y
0 .8 * s iz e o f
b a tte r y S 4 W b = 1 , L o a d f e e d f ro m
S 1 W b = O N E U ;S 1 W b = O F F ,
y e s
S 2 W b = O N
y e s
L o a d f e e d f ro m
S u rp lu s p o w e r s e n d
b a tte ry S 1 W b = O N ,
to E U
S 4 W b = 0
S 3 W b = O N

E n d

Fig. 3. Flowchart of the operational modes of

12
The inputs of this program are:
1- Hourly wind speed.
2- Characteristic of WES module
3- Hourly load demand

The outputs of this program are:

1- Generated power from WES.
2- Monthly surplus energy.
3- Monthly deficit energy. 4- Size of battery
5- State of batteries charge.
The output of this program is used to be the input of NN.
The outputs of NN are four trip signals that sent to
switches S1Wb, S2Wb, S3Wb and S4Wb.

13
 Proposed Network 
Figure 4 shows the structure
of the proposed three layers
NN. X1, X2, X3, X4 and t are
the five-input training
matrices and represent
batteries state of charge,
electrical power generated
Fig. 4. Structure of the
from WES, electrical power proposed three layers NN.
for EU, load demand and
time respectively.
The network consists of 5 input layers, 7 nodes
in hidden layers and four nodes in output layer
which sigmoid transfer function. The network
has been found after a series of tests and
14
modifications.
Figure 5 shows the evaluation of the 5+7+4 NN errors. NN
have been used to make optimal operation control for power
flow between WES, EU and BS

Fig. 5 Relation between error and Epoch for 5+7+4 NN 15
Figures 6 displays the optimal operation of the WES/EU
accompanied with BS hour by hour through the day which
represents the month of January.

g. 6 Optimal operation of the WES/EU/BS to fe

the load demand during January (winter)16
Figure 7 reveals state of charge for BS which corresponding
to the optimal operation of the WES/EU accompanied with
BS through the months of January and July respectively.

Fig. 7 State of charge of WES/EU/BS during January 
(winter) and July (summer) 17
From Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 9 (January) it can be
noticed that the trip signal which produced from NN
sent to switch S1Wb at hours 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,
14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 22. This means that the
WES or BS feed the load demand at these hours. On
the other hand, switch S2Wb (for example) equal to 1
at hours 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 20, 21, 23 and 24.
This means that the EU should supply the load
demand at these hours. On the other hand, the power
injected to EU through switch S3Wb at hours 11, 12,
15, 16, 17 and 18.

18
Fig. 9 Outputs of Neural Network for January
19
Finally,  battery  storage  will  be  on  state  of  charge 
through switch S4Wb at hours of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 
9,  10,  11,  12,  14,  15,  20,  21,  23  and  24.  On  the 
other hand, the BS will be discharged through the 
hours of 5, 12, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 22. Then the 
BS  can  feed  the  load  demand  only  during  these 
hours accompanied with WES.

20
 Conclusions
om this paper the following conclusions can be draw
1- A novel technique based on NN is
proposed to achieve the optimal
operation of WES/EU accompanied with
2-BS.
The 5+7+4 is suitable neural network
for accurate operation of WES/EU
accompanied with BS at El'Zafranna site.
3- This NN has a very high accuracy as
shown in Fig. 9, and achieve the optimal
hour by hour operation for WES/EU
accompanied with BS as shown in Figs.21
4- Application of operation strategy which
proposed in this paper on the WES/EU
accompanied with BS enhances the
reliability of the system.

22
Thanks for your
listening

23