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Chem. 331
Introduction
Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is a hybrid of gas and liquid chromatography that combines some of the best features of each. Supercritical fluid chromatography is of importance because it permits the separation and determination of a group of compounds that are not conveniently handled by either gas liquid or liquid chromatography.
Apparatus
The soluble compound is placed inside the thimble and the fluid is then dispensed throughout the apparatus. The extraction of the compound is done at the collection trap area through a restrictor nozzle. The supercritical fluid is aspirated in the collection trap which enables the solvent to either escape or be recompressing for other experimental purposes.
Apparatus
Effects of Pressure
Pressure changes in supercritical chromatography have a pronounced effect on the capacity factor k. This effect is a consequence of the increase in density of mobile phase with increase in density of the mobile phase with increases in pressure.
Stationary Phases
Both open-tubular and packed columns are used for SFC although currently the former are favored. Open-tubular columns are similar to the fused-silica columns with internal coatings of bonded and crossedlinked siloxanes of various types.
Mobile Phases
The most widely used mobile phase for SPC is carbon dioxide. It is an excellent solvent for a variety of organic molecules. In addition, it transmits in the ultraviolet and is odorless, nontoxic, readily available, and remarkably inexpensive when compared with other chromatographic mobile phases.
Detectors
A major advantage of SFC over HPLC is that the flame ionization detector of gas chromatography can be employed. Mass spectrometers are also more easily adapted as detectors for SFC than HPLC.
Applications
SFC has been applied to a wide variety of including natural products, drugs, foods, pesticides and herbicides, surfactants, polymers and polymer additives, fossil fuels and explosives and propellants.
References
http://www.cas.org http://www.chemcenter/org http://www.kerouac.pharm.uky.edu/asrg/wave/wavehp.ht ml http://www.anachem.umu.se/jumpstation.htm http://www.lplc.com/ http://www.zirchrom.com/ http://hplc.chem.vt.edu/ http://www.chrom.com/ http://www.isopro.net/web8.htm http://hiq.lindegas.com/International/Web/LG/SPG/likelgspg.nsf/DocBy Alias/anal_super http://www.academon.com/lib/paper/1332.html