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The Problem is how to Maximize Mass Ratio while Maintaining Safety, Reliability and Affordability
Mo V = U e ln M b
For performance, a rocket must have large, lightweight propellant tanks Pressure fed tanks are heavy and/or expensive and safety margins cost too much in terms of performance. Turbopumps are expensive and require a massive engineering effort. The solution is the The Dual Pistonless Pump Simple to design and manufacture and with performance comparable to a turbopump and complexity and reliability comparable to a pressure fed system.
Outline
Discuss basic pump design concept Introduce latest pump innovations List pump advantages over turbopump and pressure fed systems. Present pump test results including a static fire test Derive calculation of pump thrust to weight ratio which show that a LOX/RP-1 pump has a T/W of over 700 Prove weight savings over pressure fed tankage of over 80%
2.
3.
Advantages
Negligible chance of catastrophic failure. Much lighter than pressure fed system at similar cost. One to two orders of magnitude lower engineering, testing and manufacturing cost than turbopump. Low weight, comparable to turbopump. Quick startup, shutdown. No fuel used during spool up. Can be run dry. No minimum fuel requirement. Less than 10 moving parts. Inherent reliability. Inexpensive materials and processes. Mass producible and scalable, allows for redundant systems.
Pump Performance:
Pump performance close to target of 1.5 kg/sec at 4 Mpa (20 GPM, 600 psi) Pressure fluctuations are minimal. Pump performs better when running on Helium Pump needs more testing with rocket engine and to be flown to prove design.
Pistonless Pump Output Pressure
Pumping water at 1.2 kg/s with Compressed Air 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 Time (seconds)
Pump running on compressed air at room temperature, pumping water at 450 psi,20 GPM
500
60
400
50
Pressure (psi)
10
0 0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
0 30.0
Time (sec)
Flow (GPM)
40
M c = t Dc2 c
Combine Equations to get Chamber Mass as a function of flow rate
Vc Dc = 6
3
M c = 1 .5
Pf
Q Tcycle c
t=
Pf Dc 4 c
Assumptions:
T = Q f g I sp
Pump thrust to weight
T .43 f g I sp = Tcycle W Pf c c
Auxiliary pump chamber is 1/4 the size of main pump chamber Valves and ullage add 25% to mass Total pump mass is 1.252 or 1.56 times main chamber mass 1/
(1.56*1.5)=.43
Assumptions:
Rocket Chamber Pressure 4 Mpa, (600 psi) Pump cycle time 5 seconds. Sea level Specific Impulse from Huang and Huzel , Pump Chambers are 2219 aluminum, 350 MPa (50ksi) design yield strength, 2.8 specific gravity
Another Calculation: Mass Savings of Pump and Tank Over Pressure Fed Tank
Mass of pressure fed tank is proportional to volume and pressure Mass of pump fed system is the mass of a lighter low pressure tank plus the mass of the pump Tank Mass Savings: 200 KPa tank is 1/10 the weight of a 2 MPa tank. Pump size,weight is less than 1/10 of that of pressure fed tank. Pump chamber pressure is the same as pressure fed tank pressure, but the volume is much less.
Pump Mass is Negligible for Long Burn Times The volume of the pump chamber is
proportional to the flow rate times the cycle time The volume of the tank is equal to the flow rate times the burn time. Therefore the ratio of the pump chamber mass to the tank mass is equal to the ratio of the cycle time to the burn time if we put in a factor of 1.56 to account for the auxiliary chamber, valves etc.
= 1.56
Tcycle Tburn
Ptan k + Pfuel
Tank pressure ratio
Beal BA 810