A SEMINAR ON

Presented by, NITIN TIWARI B.E. VIII SEM(EC) (APRIL-2012 )

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
WHY WAVELET TRANSFORM WAVELETS

CONTINUOUS WAVELET TRANSFORM

DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM APPLICATIONS

CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS TRANSFORM?

Transform of a signal is just another form of representing the signal. It does not change the information content present. WHY TRANSFORM? - Mathematical transform are applied to signal to obtain further information which is not present in raw signal

WHY WAVELET TRANSFORM

FOURIER TRANSFORM
SHORT TIME FOURIER TRANSFORM WAVELET TRANSFORM

 FOURIER TRANSFORM:

Fourier Transform of a time domain signal gives frequency domain representation.

LIMITATION OF FOURIER TRANSFORM:

When we are in time domain fourier transform will not give information regarding frequency and when we are in frequency domain it will not provide information regarding time.

ULTIMATE SOLUTION:
WAVELET TRANSFORM Wavelet transform provides time frequency representation simultaneosly. It provides variable resolution as follows: At high frequency wavelet transform gives good time resolution and poor frequency resolution At low frequency wavelet transform gives good frequency resolution and poor time resolution.

 SHORT TIME FOURIER TRANSFORM

Short time fourier transform provides time frequency representation of a signal.

UNCERTAINITY PRINCIPLE
Which states that we cannot exactly know what frequency exist at what time instance but we can know only what frequency band exists at what time.

DECOMPOSITION OF SIGNAL

0-500 Hz
500-1000Hz

0-250 Hz

250-500 Hz

0-125 Hz 125-250 Hz

WAVE

Demonstration of wave A wave is an oscillating function of time or space and is periodic.

WAVELETS

Wavelets are localized waves they have finite energy. They are suited for analysis of transient signal

 PROPERTIES OF WAVELETS:
Consider a real or complex value continuous time function (t) with the following properties ---- (1)
In equation (1) ( ) stands for Fourier transform of (t) . (t)

The admissibility condition implies that the Fourier transform of vanishes at the zero frequency i.e

A zero at the zero frequency also means that the average value of the wavelet in the time domain must be zero

(t) must be oscillatory. In other words (t) must be a wave.

 Shifting operation gives time represntation of the

spectral component. Scaling operation gives frequency.

 WAVELET FAMILIES

(a) Haar Wavelet

(b) Daubechies4 Wavelet

(c)Coiflet1 Wavelet

(d) Symlet2 Wavelet

(e) MexicanHat Wavelet

(f) Meyer Wavelet

(g) Morlet Wavelet

THE CONTINUOUS WAVELET TRANSFORM

where * denotes complex conjugation of f(t) is the signal to be analyzed
S is the scaling factor is the translation factor

Inverse wavelet transform is given by

DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM

SUB BAND CODING

 MULTIRESOLUTION ANALYSIS USING FILTER

BANK

Three-level wavelet decomposition tree

Three-level wavelet reconstruction tree.

 CONDITION FOR PERFECT RECONSTRUCTION

To achieve perfect reconstruction analysis and synthesis filter have to satisfy following conditions: G0 (-z) G1 (z) + H0 (-z). H1 (z) = 0 -------- (1) G0 (z) G1 (z) + H0 (z). H1 (z) = 2z-d
Where G0(z) be the low pass analysis filter, G1(z) be the low pass synthesis filter,

------- (2)

H0(z) be the high pass analysis filter,

H1(z) be the high pass synthesis filter. First condition implies that reconstruction is aliasing free

Second condition implies that amplitude distortion has amplitude of unity

APPLICATIONS
In the field of digital image processing
In FBI Finger Print Compression

An FBI-digitized left thumb fingerprint

The image on the left is the original; the one on the right is reconstructed from a compression

 Denoising

"Before" and "after" illustrations of a nuclear magnetic resonance signal.

Denoising an image

The top left image is the original. At top right is a close-up image of her left eye. At bottom left is a close-up image with noise added. At bottom right is a close-up image, denoised.

CONCLUSION
Fourier transform provided information regarding frequency. Short time fourier transform gives only constant resolution. So, wavelet transform is preferred over fourier transform and short time fourier transform since it provided multiresolution.

c (a) Original Image256x256Pixels, 24-BitRGB (b) JPEG (DCT) Compressed with compression ratio 43:1(c) JPEG2000 (DWT) Compressed with compression ratio 43:1

THANKS

ANY QUERY