NAME:DANIAL PUTRA HIDAYAT BIN ISHAK

Can be defined as anything that occupies spaces and has mass Also exist in three different phases.Include solid,liquid and gas

Matte is composed of particles which consist of atom,molecules or ions.The diameter is around 10-8

An atom is the smallest particles on an atom that can take part in the chemical reaction. They were so small that cannot been seen by naked eyes A molecule contains two or more atoms that bonded together . Atom that bonded together may from the same element or different kind of elements

An ion either positively or negatively charged . When an atom losses one or more electrons it will become a positive ion. When atom gained electrons it will become a negative ion. An element cannot be made by mean of a chemical reaction. A compound is a substance made of two or more element that chemically bond

MATTER

Element

Compound

Atom

Molecule

Ion

Molecule

The kinetic theory of matter statezs that matter consists of tiny,discrete particles that are constanly moving This theory has three basic assumptions:
(a)Matter is composed of small particles.Molecules move in random motion and collide with one another. (b)There are attractive forces between the molecules when they are close together. (c)Movement of the particles is affected by heat.

With increased of heat,particles will gain kinetic energy and will move faster.When substance is cooled, the particles lose kinetic energy and move slower Diffusion is the movement of particles from one place to another. Diffusion occurs when particle from region of high concentration move in to region of low concentration.

Matter exists in three physical states i.e solid,liquid and gas.Matter can changes from one physical states to another. A change of state occurs when there is a change in temperature that is accompanied by the absorption or release of heat energy by the matter.

Solid
Melting Freezing Sublimation

Sublimation

Liquid

Boiling
Condentation

Gas

State of matter

Arrangement of particles

Movement of particles

Closely packed together and Vibrate and rotate about usually form a regular pattern fixed positions caused by strong molecules bond High density of solid Resulting in fixed shapes and volume Packed in clusters with particles slightly further apart compared to those of solid Resulting in high density of liquid Spaced very far apart from one another Will occupy any available space thus resulting in low density Free to vibrates,rotates and move about between the cluster This is due to the strong attractive Resulting in fixed volumes Vibrate,rotates and move at very high speed and random Due to weak attractive forces No fixed volume

In 1808,John Dalton suggested that each element was composed of its own kind of particles which called atom. The following statements are the main points of Daltons atomic theory
All matter is made up of atoms Atoms are indestructible Atoms are indivisible All the atoms of one element are exactly the same but they are different from the atoms of another element.

In the last 100 years,scientist such as J J Thomas, Ernest Rutherford, niels Bohr and James Chadwick have shown that atoms are in fact made of even smaller sub atoms particles such as proton,electron and neutrons.

 Discovered electron Discovered proton All the positive charges in central is called nucleus Proposed that the electrons are move in shells around the nucleus

Proved the exisstence of neutrons Nucleus contains protons and neutrons