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Oxidation Ponds
What are Oxidation Ponds ?
Oxidation Ponds are large earthen basins in which waste water is treated by natural processes involving bacteria and in many instances algae. These are shallow basins used to treat raw water
Facultative Ponds
Maturation or Tertiary Ponds
Aerobic Ponds
The aerobic pond are large in dimension & shallow pond that used for wastewater treatment by natural process involving both algae and bacteria.
Bacteria
Design Considerations
Parameter Depth in mts. Retention time (day) 0.15 - 0.5 2-6 Value
100-200
80-90 100-200 0.2-2.0
150-350
Anaerobic Ponds
Anaerobic Ponds requires no Dissolved Oxygen for microbial activity as the organisms use O2 from compounds such as NO3, SO4 as their hydrogen acceptors and give end product such as methane, carbon dioxide etc. These ponds are basically Sedimentation ponds High waste water loading which depletes all O2 Solids settles in pond basin Anaerobic digestion of sludge occurs in pond bottom
Process
When temperature rises above 15o C digestion generates enough biomass which causes pond surface to bubble biogas (70% CH4 and 30% CO2) Digested solids accumulate cleanout in 1 to 3 years
Pond Characteristics
Hydraulic detention time is short 1 day Depth 2 to 5 m (usually 3m)
Role of pH
Below pH 7.0 then H2S forms and causes odor Below ph 6.2 then conditions became toxic
ADVANTAGES
Gives energy whereas aerobic requires energy. Very high concentration can be treated efficiently whereas not possible in aerobic ponds.
LIMITATIONS
Standard BOD cannot be maintained under anaerobic process as suspended solid increased. Organic matter convert to CO2, CH4 which is difficult to separate from bacteria.
Facultative Ponds
These are neither fully aerobic nor fully anaerobic. They are often about 1 to 2 m in depth and favor algal growth along with the growth of aerobic, anaerobic and facultative microorganisms. Such ponds are aerobic during day time. In the remaining hours the pond bottom may turn anaerobic. Top Pond water is aerobic and supports very high density algal population Bottom water is an anaerobic condition in which sludge is digested Algae generate O2 by photosynthesis during the day ,which is useful for oxidation of waste by bacteria Bacteria degrade waste, uses O2 and generates CO2, algae use CO2 and generate O2
Wind
Sunlight
CO2
Biomass
Facultative Zone
Anaerobi c Zone
Aerobic Zone
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