Effect of some drugs on blood pressure and heart rate of anesthetized rat

Test the effect of the following drugs on BP and HR, record your observation?

Vasopressin Angiotensin Histamine Propranolol Atenolol Prazosin Saline

Effect of vasopressin on BP and HR

Observation: increased BP with decrease in the HR .

Explain the effect of vasopressin on BP.

Vasopressin activates Vasopressin receptor type 1(V1) on blood vessels leading to vasoconstriction. VC PVR BP The negative chronotropic effect is due to the baroreceptor response to increased BP.

Does vasopressin have a therapeutic benefit?

It is used IV to control gastrointestinal bleeding e.g. esophageal varices

Effect of angiotensin on BP and HR

Observation: angiotensin increases both BP and HR

Explain the effect of angiotensin on BP

Angiotensin activates angiotensin receptors on blood vessels vasoconstriction. VC PVR BP Angiotensin increases sympathetic nervous system activity increases sympathetic discharge to the blood vessels vasoconstriction

Suggest an experiment to prove your explanation?

Injection of angiotensin receptor antagonist(e.g. losartan) will block the effect of angiotensin on BP

Explain the effect of angiotensin on HR?

Angiotensin increases sympathetic nervous system activity increases sympathetic discharge to the heart increased HR
Suggest an experiment to prove your explanation?

Injection of propranolol before angiotensin

Observation: propranolol abolishes the effect of angiotensin on HR

Does angiotensin has a therapeutic benefit?

No

Angiotensin receptor blockers and converting enzyme inhibitors are used for treatment of hypertension

Effect of histamine on BP and HR

Observation:

low dose histamine reduces BP

High dose histamine reduces BP and increase HR

Explain the effect of histamine on BP

Histamine activates H1 receptors in blood vessels which leads to: Vasodilation : By releasing endothelialderived NO Increased capillary permeability edema & decreased blood volume
Suggest an experiment to prove your explanation?

Injection of H1 receptor antagonist (mepyramine) before histamine

Observation: mepyramine reverses the effect of histamine on BP but not HR

Explain the effect of histamine on HR

Histamine stimulates H2 receptors on Heart Cardiac stimulation (heart rate &SV)

Suggest an experiment to prove your explanation?

Injection of H2 receptor antagonist (ranitidine) before histamine

Observation: ranitidine decrease the effect of histamine on HR but not BP

What is the therapeutic implication of this experiment?

Anaphylactic shock

There is a massive release of histamine

1. 2.

VD & capillary permeability hypotension Bronchospasm

H1 antagonists play a secondary role can not easily overcome the effect of massive histamine release Epinephrine is a physiological antagonist of histamine drug of choice for anaphylactic shock

Effect of prazosin on BP and HR

Observation: It decreases blood pressure with slight increase in HR

Explain the effect of prazosin on BP & HR

It is a selective competitive alpha 1 adrenoceptor antagonist Blocks 1adrenoceptors a. Dilation of arterioles PVR b. Dilation of veinsvenous returnCOP Since the drug has no effect on beta receptors, lowering of BP reflex tachycardia Suggest an experiment to prove your explanation?
Injection of a selective alpha 1 agonist (phenylephrine) before & after prazosin

Observation: Prazosin abolishes the effect of phenylephrine

Effect of propranolol on BP and HR

Observations: Propranolol decreases both HR & BP

What are the types of receptors blocked by propranolol

Propranolol blocks both Beta 1 and beta 2 adrenoceptors

Suggest an experiment to prove your answer

Inject a beta adrenoceptor agonist (isoprenaline) before and after propranolol

Propranolol abolishes the isoprenaline on BP and HR

effect

of

Does propranolol have an effect on alpha receptors?

Inject phenylephrine (a selective alpha adrenoceptor agonist) before and after propranolol Propranolol doesnt alter the effect of phenylephrine

Effect of nifedipine on BP and HR

Observation: nifedipine decreases BP with no effect on heart rate

Explain the effect of nifedipine on BP & HR

Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker It has a selective action on vasculature It leads to arterial vasodilation, PVR and blood pressure

Effect of saline administration on blood Pressure & Heart rate

Saline causes a transient increase in BP and HR

Saline 0.9% is a crystalloid whose infusion in blood volume stroke volume BP. HR is attributed to Bainbridge reflex, for which the effective stimulus was an adequate rise in central venous pressure The effect on BP & HR is transient because H2O content freely travels outside the vasculature. Can be used in transient treatment of hypovolemic shock to replace fluids that have been lost .