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HEART
pumps blood through the arteries, capillaries, and veins located in the thoracic cavity between the lungs (mediastinum) Beats 60-100 times a minute
CORONARY CIRCULATION
The muscles of the heart are supplied with blood by the coronary circulation Coronary arteries fill during ventricular relaxation If the coronary arteries are blocked, the myocardium is deprived with oxygen, and the patient may develop chest pain (angina)
CARDIAC CYCLE
SYSTOLE
The heart ejects (propels) the blood into the pulmonary and systemic circulations
DIASTOLE
The ventricles fill with blood
ATRIAL KICK
At the end of the diastolic phase, the atria contracts, adding an additional volume to the ventricles
HEART VALVES
Tricuspid valve Right AV valve; prevents backflow of blood from the RV to the RA when the RV contracts Pulmonary semilunar valve Prevents backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery to the RV when the RV relaxes Mitral valve Left AV valve; prevents backflow of blood from the LV to the LA when the LV contracts Aortic semilunar valve Prevents backflow of blood from the aorta to the LV when the LV relaxes
BLOOD Transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells, and metabolic wastes from the tissues for elimination Regulates body temperature, pH, and fluid volume Prevents infection and blood loss
Age
60 and above
Gender
Womens risk increase at menopause Men during their 40s and 50s
Elevated serum lipid level Hypertension Cigarette smoking Diabetes Obesity Sedentary lifestyle
Heat and cold Previous health status Stress and coping Dietary factors Alcohol intake
Myocardial Infaction
Also known as heart attack Manifested by:
Chest pain Substernal pain Nausea Shortness of breath Diaphoresis
HEART FAILURE
May develop if the heart is not able to keep up with the bodys need for oxygen and nutrients to the tissues Manifestations
Pulmonary congestion Shortness of breath Increased heart rate Increased respiratory rate Distended neck veins
ISCHEMIA
Lack of blood supply due to obstructed circulation Obstruction causes myocardial ischemia, often resulting to angina pectoris If cerebral vessels affected, the result may be a transient ischemic attack or a stroke
Decreased peripheral pulses Pale skin color Cool extremities Deceased hair distribution
PROMOTING A HEALTHY HEART Exercise regularly Do not smoke Maintain your ideal weight Low fat diet Drink alcohol in moderation Reduce stress, anger management