HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES

-by S.Asha, (M.E) IV Sem ICE Dept, CEG, Anna university

OUTLINE
HEV Brief history Causes of disappearance Challenges to overcome What is HEV? Advantages of HEV Architecture of HEV Some illustrations Any questions?

HEV BRIEF HISTORY

Worlds first HEV built in 1898 -Dr. Ferdinand Porsche in Germany In 1905, a patent was filed for a petrol-electric hybrid vehicle -H.Piper, a U.S scientist In 1920s two car companies dominated EV market -Baker of Cleveland and Woods of Chicago By 1930, HEVs and EVs faded away!

CAUSES OF FAILURE OF EVs

LIMITATION OF Evs i. Provided 97 161kms compared to 400kms or more from gasoline vehicles ii. Long charging hours 8 or more iii. High cost 40% more expensive iv. Limited cargo space EXPENSIVE COST CONSUMERS PREFERRED SUVs

 CAR COMPANIES spent much in research, development, but poor response, maintenance and servicing cost GAS COMPANIES EVs were seen as threats lobbied with the government to drop their mandate for EVs BATTERY TECHNOLOGY large, heavy, long charging hours

INFRASTRUCTURE limited for recharging batteries

CHALLENGES TO OVERCOME
KEY TECHNOLOGIES breakthroughs in battery, power electronics, electric motors COST efforts to cut component cost INFRASRTUCTURE for large deployment of EVs POLICY taxation, standards, consumer incentives, investment

WHAT IS AN HEV?
HEV A combination of ICE vehicle and an EV.

contd,
It uses both ICE and an electric motor/generator for propulsion Liquid fuel is still the source of energy ICE is the main power convertor

contd
The electric motor 1. increases efficiency as it reduces fuel consumption by regenerative braking 2. optimizes operation of ICE by adjusting engine torque and speed The ICE gives extended driving range

ADVANTAGES OF HEV
What Are the Advantages of HEVs? Greater operating efficiency -HEVs use regenerative braking to minimize energy loss and recover the energy used to slow down or stop a vehicle; Lighter engines because HEV engines can be sized to accommodate average load, not peak load, which reduces the engine's weight;

contd
Greater fuel efficiency -consume less fuel than vehicles powered by gasoline alone; Cleaner operation - HEVs can run on alternative fuels (which have lower emissions), thereby decreasing our dependency on fossil fuels and Lighter vehicle weight overall - special lightweight materials are used in manufacture.

KEY COMPONENTS
What Are the Key Components of HEVs? HEV combines an energy storage system, a power unit, and a vehicle propulsion system. The primary options for energy storage -batteries, ultracapacitors power unit options are SI engines, CI engines, gas turbines, and fuel cells.

cont.d,
Propulsion

i.

an electric motor such as in a series configuration called Series HEVs

ii. engine might provide direct mechanical input to the vehicle propulsion system in a parallel system called PHEVs

SERIES HEV
ENGINE
GENERATOR/RECTIFIER INVERTR

BATTERY

wheel MOTOR

MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION
wheel

PHEV
Wheels Engine

Mechanical Coupling
Battery Inverter Motor

Mechanical Transmission

Wheels
Mechanical Electrical

NEW CONCEPTS
Full hybrid large motor and batteries

Micro hybrid motor relatively small and for start and stopping engine

RECENT HEVS
The Prius worlds first massmarketed modern HEV Toyota produced it in 1997 Honda Civic motor mounted between the ICE and the CVT Ford Escape first hybrid in the SUV Category

CHALLENGES FACED
Higher cost Electromagnetic interference

Safety and reliability concerns due to increased components

Any

???

HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES

References Wikipedia CEG Library, Anna university.