By K.Gokula Krishnan First Year B.Tech Bio Medical Eng.

SRM UNIVERSITY(KATTANKULATHUR)

Optical tomography and its types Introduction to OCT Optical coherence tomography Types of OCT Advantages of OCT Current Technology Applications of OCT Underway works Limitations References

Optical Tomography imaging method using the light waves. Imaging is the method of taking images of fine resolution for the diagnosis purpose. Three basic approaches to optical tomography: 1. Diffraction Tomography (D.T) 2. Diffuse Optical Tomography (D.O.T) 3. Optical Coherence Tomography(O.C.T)

James G. Fujimoto, 1991 What is OCT: diagnostic medical imaging technology Why OCT: better diagnosis of disease Main application areas: heart disease and cancer

low-coherence interferometry to produce a two or three dimensional image. Michelson interferometer to perform lowcoherence interferometry. Intensity of reflected infrared light is measured. Principle of optical scattering is used

 The echo time delay of reflected light by using low-coherence interferometry. The system is based on a Michelson-type interferometer. Reflections or backscattering is correlated .

 Cross-sectional images constructed the echo time delay of light at different transverse positions. The backscattering in a cross-sectional plane of the tissue.

SLD

PZT

Sample fibre Coupler Detector Demodulator AD

Reference Computer

Based on Scanning Schemes

Time Domain OCT(TD) Frequency Domain OCT(FD) Spatially encoded frequency Domain OCT(SEFD) Time encoded Frequency Domain OCT(TEFD) Single point (confocal) OCT Parallel (full field) OCT Doppler OCT Quantum OCT

Interference signals in TD vs. FD-OCT

 Spectral discrimination by SEFD OCT. Components include: swept source or tunable laser (SS), beam splitter (BS), reference mirror (REF), sample (SMP), photo detector (PD), digital signal processing (DSP)

Full-field OCT optical setup. Components include: super-luminescent diode (SLD), convex lens (L1), 50/50 beam splitter (BS), camera objective (CO), CMOS-DSP camera (CAM), reference (REF) and sample (SMP). A non-invasive three dimensional imaging device is achieved.

Broad dynamic range, High resolution Rapid data acquisition rate, Small inexpensive catheter/endoscope design Compact portable structure Acquisition of 4-8 frames /second.

 Low-coherence Super luminescent diode:800 1300 nm center wavelength and several milliwatts power.
DISPLAY AND KEYBOARD INTEROMETER ELECTRONICS AND OPTICS FIBEROPTIC PROBE

+COMPUTER

Imaging in Ophthalmology Optical Biopsy Imaging where Excisional Biopsy is Hazardous and Impossible Detecting Early Neoplastic Changes Guiding Surgical Intervention

 The topographical representation is constructed by performing six OCT tomograms at different angles through the fovea.

 OCT image of atherosclerotic plaque. The plaque is highly calcified with a low lipid content .

 The OCT image enables the differentiation of the intima, media, and adventitia of the artery.

 OCT images of gastrointestinal tissues in vitro showing normal colon and carcinoma. Image differences in architectural morphology or glandular organization that are associated with neoplasia

 Three-dimensional OCT projection image of a laser ablation crater demonstrating the ability to reconstruct OCT images with different perspective views.

Combine OCT with Doppler velocimetry and measurement of birefringence properties. Potential to make structural and dynamic assessments.

Penetration: 2-3mm Ideal: 4mm Resolution : Catheter/endoscope based image: 10m, Non catheter: 4 m, 1. femtosecond laser is expensive (1 m) 2. transverse resolution similar to axial resolution. Acquisition rate: <10frames/second Lack of large-scale clinical trials

CRC Press-Bio Medical Photonics handbookEditor-in-chief Mr.Tuan Von-Din Optical Coherence Tomography-Principles and Applications by A.F.Frecher,W.Drexler,C.K.Hitzenberger, T.Lasser Optical coherence Tomography-Technology and Applications by Stephen.A.Bopart Optical Coherence Tomography by Zhongpin Chen Ph.D. www.wikipedia.com