TECHNICAL STUDIES II

GRINDING MACHINES

COMPILED BY : SRISHTI BATRA SWETA PATEL VIKAS KUMAR VIMAL

GRINDING MACHINE
A grinding machine, often shortened to grinder, is a machine tool used for grinding, which is a type of machining using an abrasive wheel as the cutting tool. Each grain of abrasive on the wheel's surface cuts a small chip from the work piece via shear deformation.

Mostly grinding is the finishing operation because it removes comparatively little metal, 0.25 to 0.50mm in most operation and the accuracy in dimensions is in the order of 0.000025 mm.

Type of grinding machines

FORM GRINDING

Way grinder

Thread grinder Tool and cutter grinder

Surface grinder

Swing frame grinder

Gear grinder

Abrasive belt grinder

TOOL AND CUTTER GRINDER

Tool and cutter grinders are used mainly to sharpen and recondition multiple tooth cutters like reamers, milling cutters, drills, tapes, hobs and other types of tools used in the shop. They are classified according to the purpose of grinding, into two groups: 1.Universal tool and cutter grinders. 2.Single-purpose tool and cutter grinders.

UNIVERSAL TOOL AND CUTTER GRINDERS

Universal tool and cutter grinder are particularly intended for sharpening of miscellaneous cutters. Following principal parts of the grinder: BASE- Its gives rigidity and stability to the machine. It is heavy, rugged and box-type.

SADDLE- The saddle is mounted directly on the top of the base. It moves on antifriction ball bearings on the hardened ways.

 TABLE- The table rests and moves on the top base which is mounted over the saddle. The top of the base contains the gears and mechanism which control the movement. HEADSTOCK AND TAILSTOCK- The headstock and tailstock are mounted on either side of the table similar to those on a cylindrical grinder. WHEEL HEAD- It is mounted on a column on the back of the machine. It can be swivelled and positioned on the base for various setups. GRINDING WHEEL- Three different types of grinding wheels are extensively used in cutter grinding. These are:

The straight or disk- shaped wheel. The cup type in either the straight or flaring form. The dish type.

CUTTER GRINDING
When a flute tooth is being ground it is supported on a tooth rest whilst the wheel passes over its edge. The tooth rest can be mounted either on a machine table or on the wheelhead, depending on the cutter to be sharpened When grinding a cylindrical having helical teeth the tooth rest must remain in a fixed position relative to the grinding wheel The tooth being ground will slide over the tooth rest . If the cutter is traversed along its arbor the tooth rest mat be fixed to the machine table and stops should be used to prevent the cutter from sliding off the rest

 If the table is traversed the tooth rest must be attached to a stationary part of the grinder. The tooth rest may be arranged with the wheel rotating off the cutting edge or with the wheel meeting the edge.

THREAD GRINDER
Thread grinders which are used to generate threads belong to cylindrical grind family. The make it possible to co ordinate the transversing of workoice with workpiece rotation by means of a lead screw so that the grinding wheel follows a desired helix or thread form

The wheel itself is shaped to the thread profile and the wheel spindle is inclined to the helix angle of the thread

WAY GRINDER
These are large heavy single purpose machines intended proncipally to grind various surfaces of the beds and machines The wheel cup, ring or segmented mounted on a vertical spindle which can be ussually tilted to an angle All sorts of angles may be produced on this machine

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