Presented by Nanda M. Roll N0. 091006078 Guide : Prof.

Mohan Kumar

Brain-Computer Interface, Embedded Systems, B Section, MCIS, Manipal

What is BCI ? BCI Common Structure

EEG Wave Group

Detecting Neural Activity Signal Acquisition

Block Diagram
Pros & Cons Conclusion Future Scope References

Brain-Computer Interface, Embedded Systems, B Section, MCIS, Manipal

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) Interaction between the human neural system and

machines Goal : Enabling people (especially disabled) to communicate and control devices by mere thinking. BCI is a control system

Brain-Computer Interface, Embedded Systems, B Section, MCIS, Manipal

1. Invasive BCI 2. Non-Invasive BCI

Brain-Computer Interface, Embedded Systems, B Section, MCIS, Manipal

Invasive BCI are directly implanted into the grey matter

of brain during neurosurgery

They produce the highest quality signals of BCI devices

Prone to building up of scar-tissue

Targeted repairing damaged sight & providing new

functionality to paralyzed people (neuroprosthetics)

Brain-Computer Interface, Embedded Systems, B Section, MCIS, Manipal

Neuroimaging technologies are used as interfaces Signals recorded in this way have been used to power

muscle implants and restore partial movement in an experimental volunteer

Non-Invasive implants produce poor signal resolution

Brain-Computer Interface, Embedded Systems, B Section, MCIS, Manipal

Direct Neural Contact

- Most accurate method

Electroencephalogy (EEG)
- Measures electical activity in brain

- Highly invasive
- Not possible with current technologies - Perhaps possible in future with e.g. nanobots

- Non-invasive
- Susceptible to noise - Easy to use + low cost + portable

- Most commonly used device in BCIs

Brain-Computer Interface, Embedded Systems, B Section, MCIS, Manipal

Magnetoencephalogy
(MEG)
- Measures magnetic fields produced by electrical activity in brain - Non-invasive - Very accurate - High equiment requirements and maintenance costs

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

- Measures blood flow in brain using MRI (haemodynamics) - Blood flow correlates to neural activity - Studies the brains function - Very accurate - Very high costs due to MRI
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Brain-Computer Interface, Embedded Systems, B Section, MCIS, Manipal

BCI Common Structure

Electroencephalography (EEG) is the measurement of electrical activity produced by brain as recorded from electrodes on the scalp.

Brain-Computer Interface, Embedded Systems, B Section, MCIS, Manipal

Type Delta Theta Alpha Beta Gamma Mu

Frequency <4 Hz 4-7 Hz 8-12 Hz 12-36 Hz > 35 Hz 9-11 Hz

Location everywhere temporal and parietal occipital and parietal parietal and frontal everywhere frontal (motor cortex)

Use occur during sleep, coma correlated with emotional stress (frustration & disappointment) reduce amplitude with sensory stimulation or mental imagery can increase amplitude during intense mental activity mechanism of consciousness diminishes with movement or intention of movement

Lambda
Vertex

sharp, jagged

occipital

correlated with visual attention

higher incidence in patients with epilepsy or encephalopathy

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Different types of signals generated

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Block Diagram

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open source attempt to bring EEG acquisition &

processing to the hobbyist and student

EEG Electrodes
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Signal Processing Boards

Modular EEG Analog Board Modular EEG Digital Board

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Signal Acquisition and Amplifying Unit

Block Diagram of BCI

Block Diagram of signal acquisition & amplification unit

Used to measure the EEG signal and filter out the noise Band-pass filter with 1-100Hz BW Amplifier gain of 100 60Hz notch filter
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Dual- core processing and display unit

Operating core -TI (Texas Instruments) OMAP (Open Multimedia Architecture Platform) 1510 -ARM925 and TMS320C55x DSP processor EEG data processing with number of mathematical calculations ARM925 Communicate with the other devices, 1.wireless receiver 2.TCP/IP network 3.DSP Gateway Structure of DSP Gateway

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EMBEDDED MULTI-TASK SECHEDULING SYSTEM

Block diagram of the dual-core processing and display unit

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Communication pathway between Brain and

Computer Increased the possibility of treatment of disabilities of the nerve systems New era in the field of Cyborg, realization of a long awaited dream of man kind Better control over equipments like Fighter planes, combat vehicles, soldier assistance
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Invasive BCI - risk of formation of scar tissue Need of extensive training Requires much enhancement before they are

used Unethical implantation of BCI will arise in future Costly, requires lot of investments to setup the BCI environment

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Patient with severe movement disorders: Control external devices by mental focus Entertainment (games) Military Use (fighter pilots)

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Improving physical methods for gathering EEGs Improving generalization Improving knowledge of how to interpret waves

(not just the new phrenology)

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BCI is a method of communication based on voluntary

neural activity generated by brain and independent of its normal output pathways of peripherals nerves and muscles.
The neural activity used in BCI can be recorded using

invasive or noninvasive techniques.

We can say as detection techniques and experimental

designs improve, the BCI will improve as well and would provide wealth alternatives for individuals to interact with their environment.

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Brain-Computer Interface, Embedded Systems, B Section, MCIS, Manipal

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THANK YOU

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