PAKISTAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY & NANOTECHNOLOGY

3/19/12

Owais Golra, Research Associate, PINSAT IDRC

A Famous speech presented by U. Colombo at 25th Anniversary meeting held October 6-7, 1988 in Munich Germany.

It is essential that new technologies are introduced into the socio-economic fabric of the third world, they do not impair or destroy existing cultures
Author is Chairman, Board of Energia Nucleare e delle Energia Alternative (ENEA) Rome, Italy

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Introduction

Initially textiles were used for wear and decoration purposes only but now textiles and clothing are truly global industries and moved towards more promising technologies to achieve functional and high performance characteristics global textile industry is increasingly facing competition from low-wage countries so high skilled technologies like specialized coating, plasma based products, smart/ technical technologies and nanotechnologies are being developed presents a tremendous opportunity for the global textile industry to generate new products that could energize the economy, solve major societal problems, revitalize existing industry, 3/19/12

The

Nanotechnology

To grow, companies need to break out of a vicious cycle of competitive benchmarking and imitation
W.Chan Kim & Rene Mauborgne, Think for yourself Stop Copying a Rival, Financial Times, 08-11-03

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Table of Contents
Textile Technology Overview Global Scenario Textile Industry: The need to innovate Nano-technology in Textiles Pakistan Textile Industry Current Status Initiatives taken by Major Textile Players Challenges of Pakistans Textile Industry What need to be done/Roadmap for Pakistan Conclusion

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Textile Technology Overview

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Textile Technology contd.

Textile Raw Materials

Natural

Fibres

Man

(NF)

made Fibres (MMF)

Fibres which are manufactured rather than occurring naturally, also called manufactured fibre Such as acetate, nylon, polyester, acrylic etc.

Fibres which occur in nature, the opposite of fibres which are made from synthetics or chemicals

Cotton, silk, wool and linen etc are some examples

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Textile Technology contd.

Textile Fibres Classification

Textile

bres are classied into four categories: Manm (a) Natural bres e.g. cotton, ax, silk, ade Fibres or wool (MMF) (b) Regenerated ones e.g. viscose rayon, tencel (c) Synthetic e.g. nylons, vinyls, polyesters, and acrylics and (d) Inorganic or High performance bres e.g. Carbon, Glass or aramid
Ref: Development of advanced textile materials: natural bre composites, antimicrobial, and3/19/12 ame-retardant fabrics, Proc. IMechE Vol. 223 Part L: J. Materials: Design and Applications

Textile Technology contd.

FIBRE S
Natural Fibre ManMade Fibre
Mineral Asbestos (rarely used) Metal Wires Filaments Lurex Inorganic Glass Carbon Quartz Ceramics Regenerated Viscose Rayon Casein Seaweed based Synthetic Nylon Polyester Acrylics Elastomers Polypropylen e

Plant based (cellulose): Cotton Linen Hemp Jute

Animal Based (protein) Wool Silk Cashmere Angora

Ref: Figure adapted from Elvins et al. (1995) Materials Chemistry in Everyday Life, Heinemann 3/19/12 Chemistry in Context, Chemistry One Second Ed. Southbank Books, Port Melbourne.

Textile Technology contd

Agriculture & Livestock Industry MMF Industry

Textile Industry
Fibre Fabric Fabric

Yarn Finishe Textile Cluster Map d

Textile Garment Industry

Fashion

Chemical Industry

Home Technical/ Smart, nano

Non Traditional Industry

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Textile Technology contd

Textile technology process chain

Finishe d Fabric Madeups or Garme nt

Greige Fabric Yarn Fibre or Filame nt

ile & t Tex e om arel H For App

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Textile Technology contd

Textiles technology process chain

For 3/19/12Composite

Textiles

Global Scenario

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Global Scenario contd

Global Trade is Growing

World Textile and Apparel Trade *CAGR Textile: 5.8% Apparel: 9.6% 583 Bn
351 281 700 600 500
US$ Bn

655 Bn

482 Bn

397

400 300 200 100 0 2005 201

232

258

2008 Textile Apparel

2010

*Compound Annual Growth Rate

3/19/12 Seminar on Better Strategy for Development of Source:

Textile Sector,

Global Scenario contd

Developed countries will remain major consumers

PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION
(kgs. of textile fibres per capita in 2006)

PER CAPITA TEXTILE CONSUMPTION

INDIA PAKISTAN CHINA DEVELOPING COUNTRIES JAPAN USA DEVELOPED COUNTRIES GLOBAL AVERAGE

2.8 4 5.5 4.5 8.5 21 17.7 6.8 0 10 20 30

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Source: Werner Intl

Global Scenario contd

Asian countries have gained in US

Market Share of Total Textile & Apparel for USA Market - 2010
100% 11% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 15% 40% 5% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2000 2003 2005 14% 5% 5% 3% 13% 12% 9% 12% 6% 2010 18% 27% 38% 14% 12% 12% 14% 13% 17% 16% 14% 12% 11% 5%

R est of the W orld SSA A sean Taiw & an K orea South A sia C hina & H K Europe C anada C I B M exico

14%

11%

Global Scenario contd

As Well as in EU
Market Share of Total Textile & Apparel for EU Market - 2010 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2003 2004 2005 2010 56% 54% 53% 35% 11% 7% 9% 11% 8% 10% 12% 9% 13% ASEAN 25% South Asia China Intra EU Trade 10% 15% 9% 9% 8% 7% Rest of the World Romania & Bulgaria Euro Med

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Global Scenario contd

???

If conventional textile & apparel trade is growing then what is the need for new technologies???

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Global Scenario contd

Because!!!

The Textile industry is subject to strong pressures in a fast changing business environment due to two main factors:
Strong Market

competition world-wide

volatility (changing customer requirement)

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Global Scenario contd

Customers are looking for complete Solutions in a single cup

Convenience

Innovation

Compliance

Customer Requirements
Speed Flexibility Cost

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Textile Industry: The need to innovate

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Textile Industry: The need to innovate

Products
Fashi on appa rel

New Products

Market
Functi onal appar el Home textile

R&D of New Products

Comfor table textile s
Functio nal Home textiles

New Market
Ecotextiles

Techtex til

Nanotextil es

Health care textile s

Smart Textil es

Source: Application of nanotechnology in textiles, Taiwan nano-X-2006

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Textile Industry: The need to innovate contd

The industry need to enhance its capability to produce and market high quality and value added products This requires emphasis on new technology, design, marketing and management

New

Textiles
via

New Technologies!!!
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Textile Industry: The need to innovate contd

Increasing textile customer demands

Hydrophobic edit Master subtitle style Click to Hydrophilic Anti-bacterial Protective Breathability Antistatic Stretch Smart/Intelligent

It is the consumer demand that leads to new innovative technologies and value added textile materials.
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Textile Industry: The need to innovate contd

Factors impacting the future generation of textiles

New polymers, Renewableto edit Click materials

Master

Flexibility: Small batches, Just in time subtitle style Customized production

Raw Materials

Processes

Impacting Factors
Functionalit ies Environment

Dynamic properties, Anti-microbial Self-cleaning, Smart textiles, Comfort

Water use, Energy use Chemicals, Working conditions, Disposal, Recycling

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Textile Industry: The need to innovate contd

Emerging innovative technologies in Textiles Industry

Non-woven composite technology

(Hybrid Technologies) (3D Fibre/ fabric structures) & Low Pressure Treatment)

3D Fabrication Technology

Plasma Technology
(Atmospheric

Micro-encapsulation technology
(functional

Fabric Finish)

Nanotechnology

h& (Nano-coating, Electro spinning) Tec Hi- les rt, xti a Sm o Te For Nan
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Nanotechnology in Textiles

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What is Nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology deals with the science and technology at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers (nm)

1 Billion Nanometres = Metre Click to edit Master subtitle1style

100 nanometers presently is the practically attainable dimension for textile products and applications.

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Ref: Nano technology in textiles by Kathervelu Indian

Concepts of Nanotechnology in Textile

Nanoscale coating Finish

Nano Coating

Nanocomposite fiber

Nanoscale coating

Nano Fiber

Diameter 500nm (nanofiber) Cross-Section Structure

Nanoporous structure

Nanoparticle addition

Nanoscale surface treatment

Small things can create big

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The Market for Nano-technology

The market for nanotechnology was US$147 billion In year 2007 Expand to US $3.1 trillion by 2015

Over 1000 nanotech enabled registered products have been made available to consumers

25% of the products by 2015 will incorporate some form of nanotechnology

Source: Nanotech enabled consumer products top 1000 mark, Woodrow Wilson 3/19/12 International

The Market for Nano-textiles

The market for textiles making use of nanotechnologies was US$13.6 billion In year 2007 Expand to US $115 billion by 2012

The value of nanomaterials supplied to the textile industry will reach US$8.6 billion by 2012

Nanotechnologies will provide incremental improvements to existing textile sectors, but offer the highest growth in the nontraditional sectors.

Ref: Smart Nanotextiles: A review of materials and application: MRS Bulletin,

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Active Areas of Textile R&D: Functional Textiles

Fragrance release textiles Photocatalytic textile coatings Shape Memory Polymers for Intelligent textiles Click to edit Master subtitle style Self-Cleaning Fabrics Carbon Nanotubes for Electronic Textiles Multifunctional Coatings for Medical Textile Applications Textile switches and sensors, and electronic noses Bioactive wound dressings Electrically conductive textiles Stain and water repellent textiles Healing textiles

Ref: Nanotechnology in Textiles, Indian Journal of Science & technology Vol

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Applications of Nanotechnology Based Textiles

Protective/functio nal Click to edit Master subtitle style Nanofibres and Hospital/healthcar Fibres e containing Automotive parts nanoparticles Added Value Smart clothing Textile Finishes and s Aerospace/defence coatings of nano-based Sports/leisure materials Filter media
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Example of application in Sports

The intelligent Knee sleeve a biofeedback using Ppy sensors that monitors the wearers knee joint movement.

Ref: Smart Nanotextiles: A review of materials and application: MRS Bulletin,

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Example of application in Healthcare

A

number of brands are in the market to monitor psychological signals of patients and to monitor respiration, Electrocardiogram (ECG), Electromyogram (EMG), body posture and movements like; Lifeshirt by Vivometrics , Kapton , BioTEX etc. All these technologies use Inherently Conducting Polymers (ICPs) materials.
Ref: Smart Nanotextiles: A review of materials and application: MRS Bulletin,

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Example of application in Military

Smart Shirt by Sensatex . Shirt functions like optical & conductive fibres integrated into garments. Optical fibres are used to detect bullet wounds pinpointing exact location.

Ref: Smart Nanotextiles: A review of materials and application: MRS Bulletin,

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Example of application in Armor

Made from a ballistic fabric (eg Kevlar) filled with a shear thickening fluid - this is a water like liquid (PEG) that contains silica nanoparticles

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Example of pplication in Fashion Lifestyle

Eleksen

has developed nanofibre used fabric touch pad integrated into jacket for MP3 player. Also NuMetrex, a heart rate monitoring undergarment.

Ref: Smart Nanotextiles: A review of materials and application: MRS Bulletin,

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Pakistan Textile Industry Current Status

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Pakistan Textile Industry current status

Textile

is one of the main industries in Pakistan, There are approximately 8,800 units in Pakistan, out of which. 1,220 are ginning, 450 are spinning units, 700 are knitwear units, 730 are processing/finishing units, 5000 are garment manufacturing units and the rest are weaving and terry towel units

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survey on Textile and

Pakistan Textiles & Apparel industry

Generates about 64 % of total exports which Click to editaround 11.4 billion US dollars amounts to Master subtitle style Constitutes 46 % of Manufacturing Industry Employs 40% of Countrys working population which amounts to a figure of 1.5 million Contributes 9% of the total GDP 31% of countrys total investment In Asia, Pakistan is the 8th largest exporter of textile products Pakistani clothing export growth slowed to 8% in 2006, following three years of double digit increase.
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Pakistans Textile & Apparel Industry % Share in Global trade

World Trade Share
Other, 27% China, 24%

Indonesia, 2% Mexico, 2% Pakistan, 2% Taiwan, 2% Korea, Republic of, 3% Belgium, 3% France, 3% India, 3%

Hong Kong, 9%

Italy, 7% Germany, 6% Turkey, 4%

United States, 4%

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Pakistan Textile Exports Major Categories 2006

Art Silk & Syn.Tex 3% Tents & Canvas 1% Other textiles 2% Raw Cotton 1% Yarn 12%

Towels 6%

Madeups Incl. Bedwear 21%

Fabrics 24%

Knitwear (Hosiery) 18%

Ready Made Garments 12%

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Pakistan vs Major Competitors (2006)

C ountries Pakistan C hina India T extile 7.47 48.68 9.33 Apparel 3.91 95.39 10.19 7.18 4.9 5.7 T otal 11.38 144.07 19.52 7.41 5.53 9.3

120 100 Value in billion US $ 80 60 40 20 0 T e xtile A p p a re

V eitnam Indonesia

0.63 3.6

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Pa kis tan Ch ina I nd Ba ng ia ala de s Ve h itn Ind am on es ia

B angaladesh 0.23

C o u n t r ie s

Textile Trade Indicators

Textile Trade Indicators between India, China and Pakistan pertaining to 2008 is reported as follows: Growth: India 10%, China 18%, Pakistan 4%. in National Exports: India 6% China 5%, Pakistan 60% Rank: India 30, China 22, (Source: International

Export

Share

Competitiveness

Pakistan 49
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Pakistans Textile & Apparel Industry SWOT

Strengths

Low Price Image

Weakness

4th largest Cotton producer 64% of countrys export volume

Lower marketing initiatives Limited use of modern technology

1.5 Mn people employed with 50% in apparel

Confusion in political / religious scenario

Low labor cost at US$ 0.39 per hour

Low levels of managerial

Opportunities

Threats capabilities
Rising Cotton Prices China and India being considered as countries for high value added garments

Being neighbor of China, latest TOT is easily possible

Potential of improving confidence in buyer by working directly & closely

Home Furnishing from Pakistan have made a big name worldwide

Price Pressures

Smart & technical textiles has a

Initiatives taken by major textile players

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MMF consumed in the Rest of Polyester Staple Fiber and PFYthe World Viscose Lycra (ROW) (Filament form)

MMF consumed in Polyester Staple Fiber Pakistan

Polyester Filament yarn Viscose Acrylic Lycra (Filament form) Nylon (Filament form) Flax Polypropylene

MMF Produced in Polyester Staple Fiber Pakistan

Polyester Filament yarn Viscose Acrylic

Nylon (Filament form) Flax Carbon Fiber Polyamide Chlorofibre Polycarbamide Conjugate Fiber Glass Fiber Polyethylene Fiber Metal Fiber Polypropylene Metallic Polyurethane Modal Pp Fiber Nylon Rubber Fiber Olefin Saran Pe Fiber Sigrafil Nano fibre Acetate

26

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source: PCI Fibres and cotton inc: 2007 estimates

Initiatives taken by Korea

Undertaking

projects to develop strategic new fiber technology

Intelligent fibers (smart materials, medical care, stealth functional textiles) Digital Fiber (inserted in IT equipments, ubiquitous information and communication fiber technology) Super fiber (carbon fiber, aramid fiber etc.) Nano hybrid fiber (fiber technology for future transportation equipments, complex material production technology for energy/environment control)

Introducing Building

IT in textile industry

a production base for industrial fibers

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Ref: Seminar on Better Strategy for Development of Textile Sector, Ministry of

Initiatives by Japan

Development of low energy spinning, easily recyclable fiber, ultra high speed draw texturing yarn, one step conjugate fiber Development of Super bio-mimetic fiber Development of new functional fibers and textiles using Nanotechnology Development of super high tenacity/high heat resistance fibers in Japan Development of eco fiber and eco-friendly technology

Ref: Seminar on Better Strategy for Development of Textile Sector, Ministry of

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Initiatives taken by China

11th 5 year plan for the Fibre Industry already being implemented:

Fully implement the Scientific Development concept i.e. qualitative development. Upgrade traditional fiber industry with high tech reformation, focus on knowledge economy Support for developing differentiated and functional products to improve added value of goods Support for developing environment friendly and regenerated fibers Speed up development of hi-tech fibers and realize the industrialization of major products Focus on brand creation - current 25 brands in the Fibre industry of china has earned recognition from international players who request specifically for that particular brand of fiber even for value added textiles 3/19/12
Ref: Seminar on Better Strategy for Development of Textile Sector, Ministry of

Initiatives taken by India

11th 5 year plan for the Fibres Industry already underway:

Several positive schemes in 11th five year plan (2007 2012) to support the growth of nano and technical textile industry. National Mission for Nano/Technical Textiles launched in 2007 a budget of US$ 170 million for the next five year period. Nano/ Technical textile industry growth target is 12-15 billion dollars by 2012. Creating awareness about nano/ technical textiles and nonwoven among the entrepreneurs 10 million Indian rupees per annum will be spent in next five years Developing human resource by arranging courses on nano/ technical textiles Doing capacity building of the nonwoven and nano/ technical textile industry base and the related machinery industry base Establishing centers for research excellence and support with testing and standardization. Indian Government has planned to invest in 20 centers of excellence 3/19/12
Ref: Seminar on Better Strategy for Development of Textile Sector, Ministry of

Key Initiatives taken by Pakistan under Textile Policy 2009-14

Textile Investment Support Fund will be established. Technology Up gradation fund i.e. 20% will be granted by Govt.

Allocated 1.6 Billion Rs for Fiscal Year and increase up to 17Billion by year 2014

Infrastructure Development i.e. Industrial state for small investors

Rs 1 Billion allocated for this year

Skill Development in textile value chain

Rs 1 Billion will be allocated for current tear

Export House Scheme i.e. local yarn sales & fabric to big exporters

Rs 2 billion allocated for this scheme

Standardization etc
However, no amount has been released against Research andPolicy 3/19/12 Source: Textile 2009-2014 Development (R&D)

Challenges for Pakistan

Limited fibre availability for nano/ technical textiles Lack of know-how and skilled workforce No R n D facilities Non-availability of production & market database Lack of encouragement to entrepreneurs for going into nano/ technical textiles like import duty, interest rates etc. Lack of investment by the industry Low importance given to the long term benefits and life cycle cost of the products vis--vis traditional products 3/19/12

Ref: Seminar on Better Strategy for Development of Textile Sector, Ministry of

What need to be done/Roadmap for Pakistan

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(US $ 10.211 B

Pakistan Textile Industry: The Way Forward

Pakistani textile industry must adopt a fresh approach to technology adoption Click to edit Master subtitle style

The companies and government need to invest resources into R&D

Develop the ability to create specialized products

These could include textiles made using new technologies woven, knitting, nonwoven, nanotechnology etc.

New products surgical gowns, geotextiles, fabrics used in agriculture, high-fashion apparel, and fire-resistant workwear.

The textile industry should be a knowledge-intensive industry - willing to look for and apply knowledge

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Trying to match lowwage countries with low cost production - Surely a losing strategy.

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(US $ 10.211 B

Improve infrastructure services as a foundation for

Click to edit Master subtitle style
technology development

Pakistan Textile Industry: What is needed?

Improve higher education in science and engineering Link universities with private sector activities Breakdown barriers between university departments Promote innovative activities in science & technology Improve policy to create/promote innovative environment Focus on strategic and under-funded research
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Road Map for Pakistan

Setting-up of an expert committee on smart, technical and nano textiles to formulate a comprehensive strategy for growth and development of textiles in Pakistan. Arrangement of a series of awareness seminars about different areas of nano/ technical textile industry. Immediate launch of government-sponsored Graduate programs in selected universities focusing on nano/ technical textile to cater for the human resource requirement.

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Road Map for Pakistan

Short listing of a couple of dozen highpriority product groups among internationally recognized nano/technical textile product groups to focus on. Preparation of project profiles/pre-feasibility studies to facilitate the entrepreneurial activity in the nano/ technical textile projects.

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Road Map for Pakistan

Establishment of centers of excellences, each centre focusing on separate product groups to provide technical support to manufactures of nano/ technical textiles. The centers of excellence will have the following facilities:

Resource centers hosting technical literature, reference materials, books, bank of samples of technical textile products, pre-feasibility studies and information about manufacturing processes, standards and testing procedures etc. Facilities for development of prototype nano/ technical textile products ISO accredited facilities for testing and evaluation of technical textiles Facilities for training in areas of nano/ technical 3/19/12 textile production

Road Map for Pakistan

Setting-up of a nano/ technical textiles steering committee to coordinate, monitor and review the growth of the nano/ technical textile industry and also the activities of the centers of excellence.

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(US $ 10.211 B

Industry-University Interaction
Benefits of universities, industry and society working together:

Click to edit Master subtitle style Sponsored research projects: funding, equipment and
resource donations Shared knowledge Source of employment New idea generation

Universities and industrial organizations have much to gain from each other There is a strong need to improve interaction between these two important sectors This will enhance new technology development activities in the textile sector An effective mechanism is needed to take care of this interaction

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(US $ 10.211 B

CONCLUSIONS
Nanotechnology has become the major Click force Master subtitle style driving to editin economic growth and social development in the West.

This is reflected by the fact that Western countries are promoting nano/ technical textile as one of their core strategies.

Providing support for activities and initiatives that promote R &D and knowledge driven economy is the only survival.

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A Final Thought !!!!!

Thereto edit Master subtitle style Click are three kinds of organizations:

Those that resist change Those that accept change

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Surely Allah does not change the condition of people until they change their own condition.
Click to edit Master subtitle style
[Al-Qur'an (13:11) ]
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Masood Textile Mills (MTM) Fsd

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MTM Product Line

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Thank you!!!

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