Orientation and Connectivity Boot Camp

Murthy DN

Topics
Networking Concepts Internet Connecting to Local Area Network Connecting to the Internet Accessing Internet and Email

Types of Networks
Local Area Networks (LAN) Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) Wide Area Networks (WAN) Wireless Networks Internet

Types of Networks
Range LAN WAN MAN Wireless LAN Wireless WAN Internet 1-2 kms worldwide 2-50 kms 0.15-1.5 km worldwide worldwide Bandwidth (Mbps) 10-1000 0.010-600 1-150 2-11 0.010-2 0.010-2

Internetworking
An internetwork is a network which integrates a number of different subnets. Needs: Unified internetwork addressing scheme (Internet: IP addresses) Protocol defining format of internetwork packets and specifying rules for handling (Internet: IP protocol). Interconnecting components that route packets to their destinations (Internet: Internet routers). Technological components: Routers, bridges, hubs, switches.

Internetworking

Internet Protocols
TCP/IP protocol suite
TCP: Transmission Control Protocol. IP: Internet Protocol.

Basis for HTTP, SMTP, POP, NNTP, FTP, Telnet, UDP: User Datagram Protocol. TCP and UDP: Transport protocols. IP: Network protocol.

IP Address
Every machine on the Internet has a unique identifying number, called an IP Address. An IP address is a 32-bit sequence of 1s and 0s. To make the IP address easier to use, the address is usually written as four decimal numbers separated by periods. This way of writing the address is called the dotted decimal format.

IPv4 Address Types:

Class A
Class B Class C Class D 0 1 2 3 4 netid 0 1 0 1 1 0 8 16 24 31

hostid
netid netid multicast address hostid hostid

1 1 1 0
1 1 1 1 0

Class E

reserved for future use

How to get IP address of a host on internet

By searching the DNS (Domain Name System) until a match on the domain name is found. This process is also known as DNS lookup

DNS( Domain Name System)

The Domain Name System or DNS is a system that stores physical location (IP Address) about hostnames and domain names in the Internet.

How Does DNS Work

The Domain Name System works using three main components: resolvers, name servers, and the domain name space. With basic DNS communication, a DNS client, or resolver, sends queries to a name server. The server returns the requested information, or a pointer to another name server, or a failure message if the request can not be satisfied. The purpose of the DNS database is to translate computer names into IP addresses. In the DNS, the clients are called resolvers and the servers are called name servers. Host computer contacts the name of a computer and a domain name server crossreferences the name to an IP address.

How Does DNS Work

IP Private Addresses
No two machines that connect to a public network can have the same IP address because public IP addresses are global and standardized Private IP addresses are a solution to the problem of the exhaustion of public IP addresses. Addresses that fall within these ranges are not routed on the Internet backbone

Subnet Mask Address

Determines which part of an IP address is the network field and which part is the host field.

DHCP
Internet protocol for automating the configuration of computers that use TCP/IP Automatically assign IP addresses Deliver TCP/IP stack configuration parameters such as the subnet mask and default router

Connecting to LAN
Demo

Connecting to the Internet

Demo

What is Email
A mail, but is sent electronically across the Internet. Quickly delivered in seconds or minutes (if without problem).

Email address
What you need is
The E-mail address of the recipient. user@host john@yahoo.com

yahoo.com" is the domain name of the mail server which handles the recipient's mail. john" is the user name of the recipient. User name and hostname are separated by "@".

Cc & Bcc
Carbon Copy Section
Send a message to more than one person, all the recipients will see the list of email addresses.

Blind Carbon Copy Section

The addresses wont be seen by the recipients. When email is sent to a large group of people who dont know each other.

Email
Email Services
Web Mail POP IMAP

Web-based e-mail - HTTP

Can deliver mail message in web page format.

How Does Email Work

POP
Advantages
Dont have to know the name of your machine POP mail server is installed on a computer always ON Use Windows interface to read email

Disadvantages
The email at the mail server is popped to your local machine

IMAP
Internet Message Access Protocol Permits a "client" email program to access remote message stores as if they were local No need to transfer to transfer messages or files back and forth between computers

SPAM
SPAM is flooding the Internet with many copies of the same message
Force to send message to people Junk electronic mail.

Why cause problem?

Cost-shifting very cheap to send thousands of emails Fraud not an advertisement subject Waste of others resources stealing bandwidth Displacement of Normal Email destroy the usefulness and effectiveness of email Ethics problem

Tasks
Connect your computer to the LAN Connect your computer to the Internet Access web mail Configure your email client to access POP/IMAP account

Thank You
Murthy DN