TOPIC: OIL RESOURCES, DEMAND, SUPPLY AND OIL

SHALES

PRESENTATION BY: SADYA LARAIB CENTRE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY

PESHAWAR

3rd semester (A)

Roll no. 30

OIL BLACK GOLD! THE CENTRE OF GRAVITY

NASA

Resources of Oil

EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION : THE SITUATION TODAY

USGS

Global oil and gas occurrences are now well understood (provinces shown in green). Only Antarctica and the Arctic remain unexplored.

OIL AMOUNT:
The total amount of oil is estimated to be 4 trillion barrels half of which is recoverable. 465 B barrels have already been consumed. Saudi Arabia has largest supply.i.e.255 B barrels. i.e 1/4th of total world reserve. Kuwait had more than 10% of oil reserves before Iraqis invaded in 1990 in which 5 B barrels were burnt, spilled, or lost by retreating Iraqis. Oil companies state that Caspian sea holds 200 B barrel of oil..if it is true, it means that Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan is second to Saudi Arabia.

World Oil production

Oil Reserves

NonOPEC 44%

OPEC 56%

814 B bbl Total: 1030 B bbl

WORLD OIL CONSUMPTION

World Oil Demand

Oil Consumption

Declines:
Oil embargo, 1973 Revolution in Iran, 1979

Economic crisis in Asia and FSU 1997-98

World Oil Demand

Oil Consumption by Sector
Main area of growth:
Industrialized countries: Transportation Developing countries: Other uses

World Oil Demand

Oil Consumption in the Developing World

Expected Increase from 1999 to 202

China: 6.1 MBD South Korea: 1.2 MBD India: 3.9 MBD Middle East: 5.3 MBD Africa: 2.9 MBD Central and South Americ

World Oil Demand

Oil Consumption in the Industrialized World
USA: 6.3 MBD Mexico: 2.2 MBD Canada: 0.3 MBD Western Europe: 1.5 MBD Japan: 0.35 MBD

Expected Increase from 1999 to 202

OPEC
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
End of 1950s: Soviet Union is the second largest oil producer Oil companies cut prices

OPECs aim: Building national refineries National integrated oil companies Stabilize market for themselves, 60-40 % share

World Oil PRODUCERS

Top World Oil Producers, 2000

1)
2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10 ) 11 ) 12 ) 13 ) 14 ) 15 ) 16 ) 17 ) 18 )

Country Saudi Arabia

United States Russia Iran Mexico Norway China Venezuela United Kingdom Canada Iraq United Arab Emirates Kuwait Nigeria Indonesia Brazil Libya

Production Estimates (million bbl/d) 9.12

9.08 (5.83 of which was crude oil) 6.71 3.81 3.48 3.32 3.25 3.14 2.75 2.74 2.59 2.51 2.25 2.15 1.56 1.54 1.47

Algeria

1.43

Red: OPEC membe Blue: Non-OPEC m

World Oil EXPORTERS

Top World Oil Net Exporters, 2000 Country 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Saudi Arabia Russia Norway Venezuela Iran United Arab Emirates Net Exports (million bbl/d) 7.84 4.31 3.11 2.66 2.59 2.18 2.09 2.05 1.86 1.44 1.29 1.22 1.06

7)
8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13)

Iraq
Kuwait Nigeria Mexico Libya Algeria United Kingdom

Red: OPEC membe Blue: Non-OPEC m

OIL CONSUMPTION IN THE UNITED STATES

The U.S consumes about 18 million barrels of oil each day A barrel of oil produces about 18-20 gallons of gasoline The United States consumes 360 million gallons of gas a day The U.S consumes around 131 billion barrels of oil each year

RUSSIA AND IRAN:

Russia wants to have good relations with Islamic countries. Iran is frontier of Islamic countries. Iran is eager to show to the US, Policies such regime change is not working. The large hydrocarbon reserves can be used as a basis for either cooperation or rivalry between Russia and Iran. Iran-Russia energy policies should not be seen in zero-sum terms. Cooperation in oil pricing policy would serve the interests of both countries More cooperation between two countries means enhancing global energy security. Both countries are heavily dependent on oil revenues Both countries are dangerously vulnerable to the fluctuations of oil prices.

ONLY YOU CAN PREVENT OIL CONSUMPTION

Its not bloody likely that the oil companies are going to stop producing oil however you can reduce their profits. As a consumer, we can make choices that will lessen the impact that oil has on race, poverty, and the environment. So as much as you can, ride your bike, take public transportation, buy a hybrid car, set your thermostat to 65 degrees, use solar power, dont buy a SUV, and for gods sake dont vote some one who do not deserves to be in the govt.

USAS DIRTY POLITICS:

The US have conned Iraqi people into buying weapons with their oil, but the weapons arent even that great

Most of the oil and petrol that actually reaches Iraq is watered down Bagdad is under pressure to pass the oil law which would hand long term control of Iraq's energy to foreign multinationals

The U.S.A drive nearly a third of cars in the world. They need Iraqs oil to keep their country up and running and they wont get it without scamming and using force

OIL SHALE
Definition: fine-grained sedimentary rocks containing relatively large amounts of organic matter from which significant amounts of shale oil and combustible gas can be extracted by destructive distillation. Generally considered to be oil and gas source material or an immature oil and gas deposit.

WHERE IS OIL SHALE?

A significant portion is found here in the United States, which is why it may be so important to energy independence. Much of the American oil shale is found in the Western states: Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming Indeed, much of the worlds oil shale is located in that region It is estimated that the Green River Formation in the western U.S. contains nearly 2 Trillion barrels of oil. Recoverable estimates range from 500 billion to 1.1 trillion Even a middle-of-the-road estimate of 800 billion barrels is 3 times the proven reserves of Saudi Arabia.

WHY DO WE CARE?

Present U.S. demand for petroleum products is about 20 million barrels per day,,, If oil shale could be used to meet a quarter of that demand, the estimated 800 billion barrels of recoverable oil from the Green River Formation would last for more than 400 years

WHAT ARE WE WAITING FOR?

Cost of production has historically been prohibitive. Cost of pumping oil has always been less. Consequently, there has been little economic incentive to develop oil shale technologies. Mining and extraction is expensive, uses large quantities of water, produces air and water pollution, and wastes too. E.g.an experimental mine used a nuclear explosion to break it up.

CONCLUSION
Focusing our attention on the aspects of race, class and oil, my thoughts about the lifecycle of oil is that the world needs oil, just not as much oil. It is unfortunate that oil companies profit at the expense of the environment and people based on race, and class. What angers me the most is the oil companies dont care about their actions but instead are preoccupied with greed. I find it sad that the top 20% of oil consumers consume 80% at the expense of poor and minority communities who are barely benefiting from it, if at all. Although the entire world is negatively impacted by oil consumption, poor and minority communities are overburdened by the Condoleezza Rices, George Bushs, Dick Cheneys, of the world amongst others who highly profit from it. I find it also disgusting that the above listed shady characters are the leaders of the biggest oil consumer, the United States. Furthermore, not enough is being done to implement alternatives, many of which can be widely mainstreamed into society.

THANK YOU =)