POORNIMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, JAIPUR DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

SEMINAR ON HVDC OPTION FOR FUTURE

Submitted To :Mr. Dinesh Sharma Mr. Rajesh Yadav Assistant Professor(EE) Submitted By :Ravi Sharma Electrical Engineering

CONTENTS

Introduction of Paper. Introduction of Topic. Background. Types and Technologies of WPT. Microwave Power Transmission And Reception Technique. LASER Transmission. Current Design of Rectenna. Advantage of Using Microwaves For Wireless Electricity Transmission. System Losses Of Wired Electricity Transmission. Advantages Of Wireless Electricity Transmission. Disadvantages Of Wireless Electricity Transmission.

INTRODUCTION OF PAPER
Paper appeared at Recent Advances in Space Technologies.

2nd International conference on 9-11 June 2005.

Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/RAST.2005.1512551.
INSPEC Accession Number: 8702263.
Presented by ER. Arvind Dhingra

(Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College , Punjab)

History Of Events

1930s Efficient static AC/DC conversion (mercury arc valves) was made possible. 1940s High Voltage DC (HVDC) bulk power transmission was studied in Germany. 1954 First commercial application in Sweden: submarine link between mainland and Gotland island (100 kV-20 MW-90 km). 1970s Thyristors (SCRs) took over; today, HVDC operation voltages attain 600 kV, transmitted power over 3000 MW Today ... DC made its way back into bulk power systems!

Background
DR. UNO LAMM (19041989) The Father of HVDC.

August Uno Lamm (19041989), a

Swedish electrical engineer known as the father of high voltage direct current (HVDC) electrical transmission. HVDC became possible when he invented the mercury-arc valve (rectifier) that could operate at high voltages (1929).

TYPICAL HVDC APPLICATIONS

There are three typical HVDC applications:

1. Interconnection of non-synchronous AC power

systems, even at different frequencies.

2. Power transmission over long undersea cable

links, if the AC solution requires intermediate compensation.

3. Point-to-point, long-distance transmission of large

blocks of power.
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28/03/08 @ 14.30.00

HVDC BERLIN '08 Prof.Giuseppe Veca

Transmission Network - Present

765kV/400kV lines: about 1,03,000 ckms 220kV lines: about 132,000 ckms HVDC Bipole(500kV): 7,500 ckms3 nos.

HVDC Back-to-back: 7 nos. (3000MW)

FSC 22 nos.; TCSC 6 nos.

Block diagram or single line diagram of HVDC

ADVANTAGES
i) For transmitting bulk power over long distance say above 500km these systems are economical.

ii) During bad weather conditions, the corona loss and radio interference are lower for a HVDC line as compared to that in an ac line of the same voltage and same conductor size. iii) Compare to ac transmission, HVDC transmission is cheaper in cost because ac system required three conductors to carry power where as HVDC transmission lines require two conductor iv) Right-of-way for a DC line is about 20-40 percent lesser than that for an ac line of the same power transmission capability.

. v) The transmission losses in a HVDC transmission are lower than the ac transmission of the same power transmission capability.

vi) The towers of HVDC lines are simpler, cheaper than ac lines.
vii) No skin effect in HVDC lines, so uniform distribution of current over the section of the conductor. There is a skin effect in ac lines. viii) Voltage regulation is better in case of DC transmission .ix) Power flow control is easy in HVDC link. x) High reliability.

DISADVANTAGES
i) Initial cost is high because it requires additional requirement of converters (rectifier and inverter stations), filters, reactive power compensators. ii) Overhead capacity is low as compared to ac transmission. iii) HVDC converter need cooling systems iv) HVDC converters produce harmonics both ac and dc sides which may cause interference with the audio frequency communication lines.

v) Reducing ripples from the dc output, filters requirement is more. vi) Maintenance of insulators is more. vii) HVDC circuit breakers are expensive. viii) Voltage transformation is not possible in DC side and hence it is to be provided on the ac side only.

Rihand Dadri HVDC Project.

Date of Commissioning: Dec-1991

Main Data: Power rating : 1500MW No. of Poles : 2 AC Voltage : 400 kV DC Voltage : + 500 kV Converter Transformer Rihand Terminal : 6 x 315 MVA Dadri Terminal : 6 x 305 MVA Length of OH DC line : 816 KM.

HVDC :Vindhyachal Project

Completion date: April 1989 Main Data: (i) Power rating : 2 x 250 MW. (ii) No. of Blocks :2 (iii) AC Voltage : 400 kV (iv) DC Voltage : 70 kV (v) Converter Transformer : 8 x 156 MVA

HVDC : WORLDWIDE

Trans Bay Cable, USA

Comparison Of Right Of Way

Future Power Scenario

LASER vs. MPT

When LASER is used, the antenna sizes can be

much smaller
Microwaves can face interference (two frequencies

can be used for WPT are 2.45GHz and 5.4GHz)

LASER has high attenuation loss and also it gets

diffracted by atmospheric particles easily

Rectenna Design

5000 Mw Receiving Station (Rectenna). This station

is about a Mile and Half long.

The Rectenna Would be Visually Transparent so that it

would not interfere with Plant life.

Advantages of Using Microwaves for Wireless Electricity Transmission

High Efficiency Up to 85% . Frequency is up to 2.45 GHz of the Micro Beam. No Air Or water Pollution is Created. During Generation power can be Beamed to the location Where it is

needed.
We dont have to invest in a large Electrical Grid. If Microwave Beams Carrying power could be beamed uniformly over

the earth they could power cell phones, but the antenna length should be 25-30 cm square.

HVDC Technology.

One of the Solution.

Advantages Of Wireless Electricity Transmission

Power Loss is very less as compared to Wired Electricity

Transmission.
There is no need of Transmission Lines. Health and Environmental Experiments claim that Wireless

Electricity Transmission Using Microwaves and laser is safe.

Disadvantages of wireless Electricity Transmission

The Size of Rectenna will be Massive.

Would Require a Network of hundreds of satellites.

The Cost of this Prototype Project Will Be

$74 Billion

approx.
Interference with other Electronic Devices will be there.

APPLICATIONS:
Solar Power Satalite. Moving targets. Wireless Sensors. Moving Robots.

Conclusion
More Reliable Than Ground Based Solar Power Generation. More Reliable Than Wired Electricity Transmission. In Order To Have Wireless Electricity Transmission To

Become a Reality, Following Things Have To Happen Transmission without wires- a reality. Efficient. Low maintenance cost. But, high initial cost. Better than conventional wired tansfer. Energy crisis can be decreased. Low loss . In near future, world will be completely wireless.

QUERIES?