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Improved wages, hours, working conditions, and benefits To protect themselves from management whims
To discharge or discriminate against employees who file unfair practice charges against the company
To refuse to bargain collectively with their employees representatives
to negotiate wages, hours, and terms and conditions of employment in good faith.
cost of overtime
Cost of the current labor contract and the increased costtotal,
Mandatory items
Voluntary items
Illegal items
Illegal
Closed shop Separation of employees based on race Discriminatory treatment
Rates of pay Wages Hours of employment Overtime pay Shift differentials Holidays Vacations Severance pay Pensions Insurance benefits Profit-sharing plans Christmas bonuses Company housing, meals, and discounts Employee security Job performance Union security Managementunion relationship Drug testing of employees
Bargaining Stages
1. Presentation of initial demands
Both parties are usually quite far apart on some issues.
2. Reduction of demands
Each side trades off some of its demands to gain others.
3. Subcommittee studies
The parties form joint subcommittees to try to work out
reasonable alternatives.
4. An informal settlement
Each group goes back to its sponsor. Union members vote to ratify the agreement.
Bargaining Hints
1. Be sure to set clear objectives for every bargaining item, and be sure you understand the reason for each. 2. Do not hurry. 3. When in doubt, caucus with your associates. 4. Be well prepared with data supporting your position. 5. Strive to keep some flexibility in your position. 6. Dont concern yourself just with what the other party says and does; find out why. 7. Respect importance of face saving for the other party.
8. Be alert to the real intentions of the other partynot only for goals, but also for priorities.
The union may call a work stoppage, or strike, to put pressure on management.
Management may lock out employees.
Resolution of an Impasse
Mediation
Fact finding
Arbitration
Third-Party Involvement
Mediation
A neutral third party (mediator) tries to assist
the principals in reaching an agreement by holding meetings with each party to find common ground for further bargaining.
The mediator is a go-between and has no
of the likelihood of a strike, the possible settlement packages available, and the like.
FIGURE 155 FCMS Form F-53: Online Request Form for Federal Mediation
Arbitration
An arbitrator often has the power to determine
and dictate the settlement terms. Binding arbitration can guarantee a solution to an impasse. Interest arbitration for labor agreements Rights arbitration defines the terms of existing contracts
Types of Strikes
Wildcat strike
Sympathy strike
Boycott
Inside games Injunctions
Employers
Replacement workers Lockouts Injunctions
Arbitration of grievances
Disciplinary procedures Compensation rates Hours of work and overtime Benefits: vacations, holidays, insurance, pensions Health and safety provisions Employee security seniority provisions
Grievances
Grievance
Any factor involving wages,
Sources of Grievances
Discipline Seniority
Job evaluations
Work assignments Overtime Vacations
Incentive plans
Holiday pay Problem employees Absenteeism Insubordination Plant rules
Grievance Procedure
Grievant and shop steward meet with supervisor.
If not resolved, employee files formal grievance
Handling Grievances: Do
1. Investigate and handle each case as though it may eventually result in arbitration. 2. Talk with the employee about his or her grievance; give the person a full hearing. 3. Require the union to identify specific contractual provisions allegedly violated. 4. Comply with the contractual time limits for handling the grievance. 5. Visit the work area of the grievance. 6. Determine whether there were any witnesses. 7. Examine the grievants personnel record. 8. Fully examine prior grievance records. 9. Treat the union representative as your equal. 10. Hold your grievance discussions privately. 11. Fully inform your own supervisor of grievance matters.
union-organizing efforts.
Upswing Coming?
Unions have been more aggressive lately in organizing
Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees; and the American Federation of Teachersare among the largest U.S. unions.