Socialization and Deviance

Nature vs. Nurture

Nature vs. Nurture

What do the cases of Anna and Genie teach us about the effects of isolation in childhood?

What is Socialization?

Socialization
The lifelong social experience by which individuals develop human potential and learn patterns of their culture.

Why Socialization Is Important

Teaches us ways to think, talk and act that are necessary for social living. Ensures that members of society are socialized to support the existing social structure. Allows society to pass culture on to the next generation.

How Much Do You Know About Early Socialization and Child Care?
True or False ?

In the United States, full-day child care often costs as much per year as college tuition at a public college or university.

How Much Do You Know About Early Socialization and Child Care?

True.

Full-day child care typically costs between $4,000 and $10,000 per child per year, which is as much or more than tuition at many public colleges and universities.

How Much Do You Know About Early Socialization and Child Care?
True or False?

The cost of child care is a major problem for many U.S. families.

How Much Do You Know About Early Socialization and Child Care?

True.

Child care outside the home is a major financial burden, particularly for the one out of every three families with young children but with an income of less than $25,000 a year.

Understanding the Socialization Process

Sigmund

Freud Jean Piaget Lawrence Kohlberg Carol Gilligan George Herbert Mead with Cooley Erik H. Erikson

Understanding the Socialization Process

In your group, make sure that each member understands the contributions of the person you were assigned. Develop a picture that illustrates the major contribution of that person to our understanding of human development. Draw that picture on the board.

Understanding the Socialization Process

Form new groups so that each person from the board is represented. In your new group, take turns explaining the contributions of the person your original group was assigned. Explain the picture on the board. Make sure each member understand the contributions these people made.

In your notebook
List the major forces that have shaped who you are today.

In your notebook
Draw a pie chart that illustrates the relative importance of those forces that have shaped who you are.

Major Agents of Socialization

Family Schooling

Peer

Group Mass Media

Agents of SocializationFamily
Family

is the most important agent of socialization. Unintentional socialization Effects of class on how parents raise their children?

Agents of SocializationSchool

Enlarges a childs world Our technical world expanded time here Hidden curriculum Other effects?

School
Profound effect on childs self image, beliefs and values Give examples At school, you are evaluated and compared Official record is kept of your school grades and behavior How does this affect you?

School Functionalist Persp

Schools are responsible for:

Teaching students to be productive mbrs of society Transmission of culture Social control and personal development Selection, training and placement of individuals

School Conflict perspec.

Students have different experiences based on social class, race, gender, neighborhood Give examples Teaching of the hidden curriculum children learn to be neat, on time, quiet, wait their turn, remain attentive Socialized for the work force Middle class vs lower class and expectations

Agents of SocializationPeer group

Peers

have interests, social position and age in common. Identity apart from family and behavior free from adult supervision.

Peer groups
Functions as an agent of socialization by contributing to our sense of belonging Freedom from parents and authority figures Teach what is acceptable culturally Serve as a conduit for passing on culture Give examples

Agents of SocializationMass Media

Radio,

TV, Movies, Music, Magazines TV in 98% of homes On for 7 hours per day. Content of TV? Violence? Liberal Media?

Are their other Agents of Socialization you would like to discuss?

Religion Work Military Prison Clubs

Consider

How does each agent of socialization differ from the others? What happens when the influence of one agent of socialization is diminished?

Gender Role Socialization

Terms

Sex- the biological distinction between female and male.

Gender- the significance that a society attaches to biological categories of female and male. Masculine and Feminine.

What are some words we associate with each gender?

Gender and the agents of socialization

Look back over your life and considered how your gender has shaped your identity.
How is your gender identity still informed or affected by your experiences growing up? How has your schooling played into your understanding of what it means to be a boy or a girl? Have you ever been ridiculed for doing or saying something that others didn't consider "masculine" or "feminine"?

Gender and the agents of socialization

How do each of the following inform or affect your gender identity? Family School Peers Media

Does

your behavior reinforce these ideas?

Magazine Assignment
Discuss the magazines you read. List the values of the magazines that were targeted towards men and the magazines targeted towards women. Did the magazines you looked at reinforce gender roles or not? How? How did you feel when you looked through the magazines? Do these magazines have a positive or negative effect in society?

Gender role stereotypes in childrens commercials:

Commercials with boy models only were found to feature more away from home settings. Commercials with girl models only were more likely to be set in the home. Only boys were shown in anti-social behavior. Girls in commercials show only socially acceptable behavior.

Tough question
If

we are indeed shaped by society, evaluate whether an understanding of the socialization process makes one more or less free.

Socialization and the Life Course

Are you an adult?

How do you know?
What does it mean to be an adult?

The Rise and Fall of the American Teenager

Consider what it means to be a teenager and how this concept developed.

Deviance

Before we get started you should be familiar with the concept of cognitive dissidence.

cognitive dissidence
When presented with information that does not fit with your understanding, you have two choices: 1) Change the way you think 2) Dismiss the new information

cognitive dissidence
Changing the way you think can be painful, but that is not enough reason to refuse to do it. lets proceed

Keep in mind this question

How does the sociological explanation of deviance differ from the common sense notion that bad people do bad things?

What is Deviance?

Deviance
The recognized violation of cultural norms.

What are the Social Foundations of Deviance?

Social Foundations of Deviance

Deviance

varies according to cultural norms.

Social Foundations of Deviance

Deviance

varies according to cultural norms. People become deviant as others define them that way

Social Foundations of Deviance

Deviance

varies according to cultural norms. People become deviant as others define them that way Both rule making and rule breaking involves power.

Structural Functional Analysis of Deviance

Emile

Durkheim Merton

Robert

Structural Functional Analysis- Durkheim

What functions does deviance serve?

Structural Functional Analysis- Durkheim

What functions does deviance serve? Affirms cultural norms and values. Responding to deviance clarifies moral boundaries. Responding to deviance promotes social unity. Deviance can encourage social change.

Structural Functional AnalysisMertons Structural Strain Theory

Societies have "goals" guiding how life ought to be. Society also instructs us as to the correct means to achieve those goals. The scope and character of deviance depends on how well society provides the institutionalized means to achieve cultural goals

Mertons Structural Strain Theory

Describe

the goal of the American Dream and the legitimate means to achieve that goal.

"Success is a journey, not a destination."

Mertons Structural Strain Theory

Lets

say that making $$$ is a goal of the American Dream.

"Success is a journey, not a destination."

Mertons Structural Strain Theory- Conformity

Conformitypursuing conventional goals through approved means. How does this apply to the goal of making money?

Conformity- Bill Lumbergh from Office Space

Conformity is the only model that is not deviant

Mertons Structural Strain Theory- Innovation

Innovation- using unconventional means to achieve a culturally approved goal. How does this apply to the goal of making money?

Innovation- Peter Gibbons from Office Space

Mertons Structural Strain Theory- Ritualism

Ritualismabandon cultural goals but continue to act out the approved means. How does this apply to the goal of making money?

Ritualism- Milton Waddams from Office Space

Mertons Structural Strain Theory- Retreatism

Retreatismreject both cultural goals and approved means. drop out How does this apply to the goal of making money?

Mertons Structural Strain Theory- Rebellion

Rebellion- rebels go beyond retreatism by advocating radical alternatives to the existing social order. How does this apply to the goal of making money?

Mertons Structural Strain Theory

Goals
Conformity Innovation Ritualism Retreatism Accept Accept Reject Reject

Means
Accept Reject Accept Reject

Rebellion

Replace

Replace

Apply Mertons Structural Strain Theory to school.

Goals
Conformity Innovation Ritualism Retreatism Accept Accept Reject Reject

Means
Accept Reject Accept Reject

Rebellion

Replace

Replace

Symbolic Interaction Analysis of Deviance

Labeling Theory
Sutherlands Differential Association Theory

Hirshis Control Theory

Symbolic Interaction Analysis- Labeling Theory

The assertion that deviance and conformity result, not only from what people do, but from how others respond to those actions. The same behavior may be defined in different ways.

Are you deviant if you speed but dont get caught?

Symbolic Interaction Analysis- Labeling Theory

Primary

deviance Secondary Deviance Stigma Retrospective Labeling Medicalization of Deviance

Significance?

S.I. Analysis- Sutherlands Differential Association

A

persons tendency towards conformity or deviance depends upon relative contact with others who encourage conventional behavior versus those who do not.

S.I. Analysis- Hirshis Control Theory

Everyone

finds some deviance tempting but there are four types of social control:

S.I. Analysis- Hirshis Control Theory

Everyone

finds some deviance tempting but there are four types of social control:
Attachment Commitment Involvement Belief

S.I. Analysis- Hirshis Control Theory

Everyone finds some deviance tempting but there are four types of social control: Attachment Commitment Involvement Belief
Apply this explanation to the Central Bucks 40 Assets Program

Social Conflict Analysis

Deviance Deviance

and Power and Capitalism Crime

White-Collar

In your notebook summarize the major principles of each topic and apply this theory to school:
Deviance Deviance

and Power and Capitalism Crime

White-Collar

Social Conflict- Deviance and Power

Norms

reflect the interests of the rich and powerful The powerful have the resources to resist deviant labels Belief that laws are good and natural masks their political character.

Social Conflict- Deviance and Capitalism

People who threaten the property of others are prime candidates for deviant labels. People who cannot or will not work are labeled deviant. People who resist authority are labeled as deviant. People who challenge the capitalist status quo are likely to be labeled deviant

Social Conflict- White Collar Crimes

Crimes

committed by persons of high social position in the course of their occupations. More likely to be tried in civil court rather than criminal court. If convicted of criminal crimes they are less likely to go to jail.

Prevalence of WCC in the US

6. Computer Fraud 1. Credit Card 7. Bank FraudFraud Federal 2. Embezzlement 8. EmbezzlementState Federal 3. Income Tax 9. Defrauding Fraud 4. Corporate Crime Insurer 10. False 5. Mail FraudAdvertising Federal

Social Conflict- White Collar Crimes

The

American business community lost $50 billion in 1980 to white-collar crime. This was nearly 10 times more than the monetary value of all forms of street crime. Can also cause murder by neglect- pollution, product safet

Recently

caption: Where our lying, cheating, stealing executives will most likely end up serving.

Deviance and Social Diversity

Deviance and Gender Whether people define a situation as deviance-and, if so, whose deviance it is- depends on the sex of both the audience and the actors. Hate Crimes- a criminal act against a person or property by an offender motivated by racial or other bias. Should there be federal hate-crimes legislation?

Crime and the Criminal Justice System

Crime is the violation of statues enacted into criminal law by a locality, state or the federal government. The Criminal Justice System is societys formal response to crime

Crime
Components

of Crime act and intent Types of Crime against the person against property victimless crime

Criminals

According to the DOJ, the number of adults in the correctional population is increasing.

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, on June 30, 2001

1,965,495

prisoners were under Federal or State jurisdiction.

prison inmates per 100,000 U.S. residents -- up from 292 at yearend 1990.

472

The United States has more people in prison than any other country in the World.

What is the profile of an average street criminal?

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, on June 30, 2001

4,848

sentenced black male inmates per 100,000 black males in the United States Compared to 1,668 sentenced Hispanic male inmates per 100,000 Hispanic males and 705 white male inmates per 100,000 white males.

Since 1989 there have been more federal drug cases than other cases.

Race and drug crimes

13 percent of regular drug users in this country are black. 62.7 percent of drug offenders sent to prison in 1996 were black, while 36.7 percent were white. Nearly twice as many blacks are being imprisoned for drug offenses than are whites, even though there are five times more white drug users than black ones.

How can you explain the link between race and criminal prosecution?

Race and drug crimes

Amount of powder cocaine needed to trigger a federal 5-year mandatory minimum sentence: 500 grams Amount of crack cocaine needed to trigger a federal 5-year mandatory minimum sentence: 5 grams Blacks as percent of those arrested on crack charges: about 90 Whites as percent of those arrested on powder cocaine charges: 75

The Death Penalty

Since the death penalty was reinstated by the Supreme Court in 1976, white inmates have made up the majority of those under sentence of death.

However, a disproportionate number of blacks are sentenced to death.

Crime in a Global Perspective

Violent

Crime in the United States is about five times of the rate in Europe. Explanations
Individuality Gun

Ownership

The United States Leads the World in Firearm Violence

In

1998, 30,708 people in the United States died from firearmrelated deaths. In 1996, handguns were used to murder 2 people in New Zealand, 15 in Japan, 30 in Great Britain, 106 in Canada and 9,390 in the United States.

The Criminal Justice System

Reasons for Punishment

Retribution
Deterrence

Rehabilitation
Societal

Protection

The Prison Paradox

Paradox- a statement that seems to contradict itself or conflicts with common sense but contains the truth.

The Prison Paradox

Explain the title of this article. What does the author suggest about the effectiveness of prison and the best ways to deal with crime?

Punishment
How

effective is punishment? recidivism

Criminal

PunishmentCriminal Recidivism

The US should focus more on punishment than rehabilitation of criminals.

Strongly Disagree Strongly Agree

Somewhat Disagree

Somewhat Agree