Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
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Revision Record
Course Code Product WRAN Time 2010.12
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OWA320010
Developer/Modifier Liang Jie
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www.huawei.com
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Objectives
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Contents
1. HSPA & HSPA+ Overview 2. HSDPA Introduction 3. HSUPA Introduction 4. HSPA+ Introduction
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EDGE
Downlink Peak Data Rate 9.6Kbps 40Kbps 120Kbps 384Kbps 14.4Mbps 14.4Mbps 28Mbps 42Mbps
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EDGE WCDMA Release 99 HSDPA Release 5 HSUPA Release 6 HSPA+ Release 7 HSPA+ Release 8
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Higher Capacity
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More subscribers and throughput Further reduces the cost per megabyte
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Richer Application
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Spreading codes assigned per user Closed loop power control Soft handover
Node B
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Set of high data rate channel Channels are shared by multiple users Each user may be assigned all or part of the resource every 2ms
Big shared pipe Code multiplexing for HSDPA
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Node B HSDPA user#1 HSDPA user#2 HSDPA user#3 HSDPA user#4 2ms
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a set of HS-PDSCHs
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Fast feedback of Channel condition QPSK and16QAM Channel coding rate from 1/3 to 1
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Multi-code operation
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FACH
Shared No Not Supported Good Low
HSDPA
Shared Fixed Power with link adaptation Not Supported Good High
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RACH
Common spreading code Fixed spreading factor No closed loop power control No soft handover
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Large latency
Transmission time interval duration of 10/20/40/80ms
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E-DCH channel has been introduced Interference is shared by multiple users NodeB controls all UEs data rate with fast scheduling
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E-DCH
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Fast scheduling
Optimize the resource allocation to maximize the total throughput
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HSPA+ Introduction
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HSPA refers to HSDPA and HSUPA which are introduced in 3GPP Release 5 and Release 6. It can provide significant throughput, latency, and capacity gains on the downlink and uplink, compared to Release 99.
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HSPA+ (also known as HSPA evolution) is introduced in 3GPP Release 7 and develops continuously in the following Release. It is an enhancement to HSPA.
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Reduced service delay Increase peak data rates Improve spectrum efficiency Increase system capacity Reduce UE power consumption
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Contents
1. HSPA & HSPA+ Overview 2. HSDPA Introduction 3. HSUPA Introduction 4. HSPA+ Introduction
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Block 1? Block 1 + Block 1?
AMC (Adaptive Modulation & Coding) Data rate adapted to radio condition on 2ms
HARQ Hybrid ARQ with Soft combing Reduce round trip time
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SF16, 2ms and CDM/TDM Dynamic shared in Time and code domain 16QAM 16QAM in complement to QPSK for higher peak bit rates 3 New Physical Channels
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AMC ( Adaptive Modulation and Coding ) in accordance with CQI ( Channel Quality Indicator )
Adjust data rate to compensation channel condition
Good channel condition higher data rate Bad channel condition lower data rate
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Good channel condition channel coding rate is higher e.g. 3/4 Bad channel condition channel coding rate is lower e.g. 1/3
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Good channel condition high order modulation scheme e.g. 16QAM Bad channel condition low order modulation scheme e.g. QPSK
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AMC ( Adaptive Modulation and Coding ) based on CQI ( Channel Quality Indicator )
CQI ( channel quality indicator )
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UE measures the channel quality and reports to NodeB every 2ms or a longer cycle
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Bad channel condition Node B More power Good channel condition less power
Bad channel condition low data rate Good channel condition high data rate
Node B
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17 18 28 29 30
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HSDPA UE Categories
HS-DSCH Category Maximum Number of HS-DSCH Codes Received 5 5 5 5 5 5 10 10 15 15 5 5 Minimum Inter-TTI Interval 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 Maximum Number of Bits of an HS-DSCH Transport Block Received Within an HSDSCH TTI 7298 7298 7298 7298 7298 7298 14411 14411 20251 27952 3630 3630 Total Number of Soft Channel Bits
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19200 28800 28800 38400 57600 67200 115200 134400 172800 172800 14400 28800
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Conventional ARQ
In a conventional ARQ scheme, received data blocks that can not be correctly decoded are discarded and retransmitted data blocks are separately decoded
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Illustration of HARQ:
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The use of HARQ with soft combining increases the effective received Eb/Io for each retransmission and thus increases the probability for correct decoding of retransmissions, compare to conventional ARQ
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HARQ Combining
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There are many different schemes for HARQ with soft combining
In case of Chase combining ( CC ) each retransmission is an identical copy of the original transmission In case of Incremental Redundancy ( IR ) each retransmission may add new redundancy
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HARQ Process
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Attempting to decode the data Deciding whether to send ACK or NACK Soft combining of retransmitted data
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Selecting the corrected bits to send according to the selected retransmission scheme and UE capability
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Shorter TTI ( Transmission Time Interval ) is to reduce RTT ( round trip time )
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Shorter TTI is necessary to benefit from other functionalities such as AMC, scheduling algorithm and HARQ
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A part of the total downlink code resource is dynamically shared between HSDPA and Release 99
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A part of the total downlink power resource is dynamically shared between HSDPA and Release 99
Power margin for DCH power control
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Resource Allocation
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Resources are assigned to HSDPA user only when they are actually to be used for transmission, which leads to efficient code and power utilization
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Fast Scheduling
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Fast scheduling is about to decided to which terminal the shared channel transmission should be directed at any given moment
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Scheduler may be based on: Channel condition Amount of data waiting in the queue Fairness (Satisfied users) Cell throughput, etc
Some basic scheduling algorithms: Round Robin (RR) Maximum C/I (MAX C/I) Proportional Fair (PF) Enhanced Proportional Fair (EPF)
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HS-DSCH
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NodeB must allocate all 15 OVSF codes ( SF =16 ) to one UE NodeB must allocate all time slots to one UE UE must decode all transmission correctly on the first transmission Effective code rate = 1 Requires very good channel conditions to decode Requires very good channel condition
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16QAM
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75% of data block decoded on first transmission 25% of data block decoded on second transmission
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Contents
1. HSPA & HSPA+ Overview 2. HSDPA Introduction 3. HSUPA Introduction 4. HSPA+ Introduction
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HARQ with fast retransmission at layer 1 Rate/modulation adaptation Single serving cell Fast NodeB scheduler Shared NodeB power and code Fast power control Soft handover Fast NodeB scheduler Rise-over-Thermal (ROT)
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Rise-over-Thermal Noise
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In order to decode received data correctly, the uplink interference shall be controlled.
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NodeB monitors uplink interference and tells UE how much power can be used to transmit uplink data.
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The HSUPA scheduler considers the trade-off between the following two points:
Several users those want to transmit at high data rate all the time Satisfying all requested grants while preventing overloading and maximizing resource utilization
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HSUPA Operation
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The UE sends a transmission request to the NodeB for getting resources. The NodeB responds to the UE with a grant assignment, allocating uplink band to the UE. The UE uses the grant to select the appropriate transport format for the Data transmission to the NodeB. The NodeB attempts to decode the received data and send ACK/NACK to the UE. In case of NACK, data may be retransmitted.
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1. Transmission Request
The UE request data transmission by the scheduling information (SI), which is determined according to the UE power and buffer data availability. The scheduling information is sent to the NodeB.
Scheduling Information (SI) UE Buffer UE Power
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UE
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2. Grant Assignment
The Node B determines the UE grant by monitoring uplink interference (RoT at he receiver), and by considering the UE transmission requests and level of satisfaction.
GRANT RoT SI Satisfaction
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NodeB
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3. Data Transmission
The UE uses the received grant and, based on its power and data availability, selects the E-DCH transport format and the corresponding transmit power. Data are transmitted by the UE on together with the related control information.
Data and related control information UE Power GRANT UE Buffer
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UE
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4. Data Acknowledgment
The NodeB attempts to decode the received data and indicates to the UE with ACK/NACK. If no ACK is received by he UE, the data may be retransmitted.
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NodeB
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ACK/NACK
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E-DCH
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1. The UE sends a request for resources. The request includes status of its data buffers and is sent on EDPDCH. 2. Based on the request from the UE, the Node B allocates a resource grant to the UE. The grant is sent on the EAGCH channel. 3. This grant can be modified by the Node B every TTI using the E-RGCH channel. 4. The UE transmits data on E-DPDCH. Control information needed to decode the data is sent on E-DPCCH. 5. The Node B decodes the received packet and informs the UE whether it could decode the data successfully or not on the E-HICH channel.
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HSUPA Features
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Hybrid-ARQ
N-channel stop-and-wait protocol, with 4 HARQ processes for 10ms TTI and 8 HARQ processes for 2ms TTI Synchronous retransmission Separate HARQ feedback is provided per radio link.
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There are three different types of radio links in the UE E-DCH active set:
Serving E-DCH Cell: The cell from which UE receives AGCH. Serving E-DCH RLS: Set of cells that contain at least the serving cell and from which the UE can receive RGCH No-Serving RL: Cell that belongs to the E-DCH active set but not belong to the serving RLS and from which the UE can receive a RGCH.
Serving E-DCH cell
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UE uses SF 2
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Multi-code transmission
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2ms TTI
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Maximum payload for spreading factor of 4, TTI of 2 ms and coding rate of 1 is 1920 bits and the corresponding data rate is 960kbps.
1920 systematic 1920 bits payload 1920 parity 1920 symbols 1920 parity
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2ms
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Maximum payload for spreading factor of 2, TTI of 2 ms and coding rate of 1 is 3840 bits and the corresponding data rate is 1920kbps.
3840 systematic 3840 bits payload 3840 parity 3840 symbols 3840 modulation symbols 7690 chips 3840 parity
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Multi-code Transmission
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For one UE in HSUPA operation, up to 4 E-DPDCH can be used simultaneously, two using SF4 and two using SF2.
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HSUPA UE Capabilities
E-DCH category Max number of E-DPDCH channels Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 Category 5 Category 6 1 2 2 2 2 4 SF4 SF4 SF4 SF2 SF2 SF2 10ms 2&10 ms 10ms 2&10 ms 10ms 2&10ms 711kbps 1448kbps 1448kbps 2000kbps 2000kbps 2000kbps -1448kbps -2886kbps -5742kbps Minimum SF Supported TTI Peak rate for TTI = 10MS Peak rate for TTI = 2ms
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Contents
1. HSPA & HSPA+ Overview 2. HSDPA Introduction 3. HSUPA Introduction 4. HSPA+ Introduction
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RAN Version RAN 11.0 RAN 11.0 RAN 11.0 RAN 11.0 RAN 11.0 RAN 12.0 RAN 12.0 RAN 12.0 RAN 12.0
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HSPA+ in RAN11
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In Huawei RAN11 version HSPA+ is introduced. The following figure shows the features in HSPA+ RAN11 and the relations among these features.
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HSPA+ in RAN12
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Some new features for HSPA+ are introduced in RAN12 to provide higher date rate and higher capacity. The following figure shows the features in HSPA+ RAN12 and the relations among these features.
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What is MIMO?
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Receiver
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Data Stream 2
Channel Condition Feedback
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DL Enhanced L2
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This feature allows Uu L2 to use flexible PDU size on RLC layer and segmentation on MAC layer. The feature prevents the L2 from becoming the bottleneck of higher Uu rate increased by MIMO and 64QAM.
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CPC allows the uplink and downlink transmissions to take place at periodic intervals. This feature reduces the transmitted power (and thus increases the UE battery life) because the UE does not have to monitor and transmit overhead channels every TTl. This reduction in the transmitted power also helps to increase the uplink capacity by decreasing the total interference. This improvement is especially significant when there are users who transmit data infrequently as VoIP users.
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In RAN12 downlink MIMO and 64QAM can be used simultaneously by one UE to receive HSDPA data. With this technology, the theoretical downlink peak rate can reach 42 Mbps.
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HSDSCH category
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Category 19 Category 20
15 15
1 1
35280 42192
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Only PS streaming service, PS interactive service or PS background service can be carried by MIMO, 64QAM or MIMO with 64QAM.
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The cell supports enhanced L2. UE supports MIMO with 64QAM. The service is carried by HSDPA.
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DC-HSDPA allows a UE to set up HSDPA connections with two inter-frequency time-synchronous cells that have the same coverage. Theoretically, DC-HSDPA with 64QAM can provide a peak rate of 42Mbps in the downlink.
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Anchor carrier: a carrier that carries all the channels, including uplink dedicated channels, of a UE. Each UE has only one anchor carrier.
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Supplementary carrier: a carrier that carries only three types of downlink channel of a UE. Each UE has only one supplementary carrier. The three types of downlink channel are as follows:
HS-SCCH HS-PDSCH P-CPICH
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DC-HSDPA can improve downlink data rate. The theoretical peak data rate with DC-HSDPA is 42Mbps.
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DC-HSDPA can reduce time delay for some services such as HTTP.
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DC-HSDPA can improve the data rate in cell edge and improve downlink coverage.
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DC-HSDPA can improve the system capacity when downlink load is unbalanced between different frequencies. The gain is very obvious in cell edge.
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Only PS streaming service, PS interactive service or PS background service can be carried by DC-HSDPA.
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The cell supports downlink enhanced L2. UE supports DC-HSDPA. The service is carried by HSDPA.
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Uplink Enhanced L2
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Uplink enhanced L2 allows flexible PDU sizes at the RLC layer and segmentation at the MAC layer on the Uu interface. The feature improves the uplink transmission efficiency.
uplink fixed RLC PDU size Before R8
336bits 656bits
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Uplink 16QAM modulates 4 bits/symbol whereas the original QPSK modulates only 2 bits/symbol. As a result, it doubles the HSUPA data rate to 11.5Mbps at the physical layer.
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Technical Characteristics
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In the case of 16QAM, a gain is achieved only when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is high. Therefore, a good channel environment is required, for example, a cell with good indoor coverage or micro coverage.
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In comparison with QPSK, a gain is achieved only when 16QAM is used after the UL rate reaches 4Mbps. Therefore, the UL 16QAM is configured only after the maximum bit rate (MBR) exceeds 4Mbps.
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Category 7
SF2
20000
22996
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Thank you
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