PADDY CLASSIFICATION IN SIBU, SARAWAK

Name : Nor Khairunnisa Abd Latip Course : SGS (Remote Sensing) Supervisor s Name: En Zuraimi b Suleiman
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Outline
Introduction Objective Scope Methodology Result and Discussion Conclusion and Recommendation Timetable

Introduction
Land cover refers to the surface cover on the ground, whether vegetation, urban infrastructure, water, bare soil or other. Land use refers to the purpose the land serves, for examples, recreation, wildlife habitat, or agriculture. Satellite remote sensing technology using optical and radar remote sensing techniques have been used successfully in land cover map. Some advantages of these techniques are cost effectiveness, wide coverage, near real time data acquisition and frequent revisit capability.

 In Remote Sensing Malaysia, Project Land Cover Map collaboration with Malaysia Department of Agriculture, Department of Land and Survey Sarawak and Malaysia Department of Townplan has been conducted. The study area include Kelantan, Pahang, Sarawak and Selangor state. Two map of land cover map for Sibu and Matang, Sarawak area have been produced. In Sarawak, there are two types of paddy, wet paddy and hill paddy. This project are focused to classify the hill paddy area and wet paddy area.

Figure 1.0

Figure 1.1

Figure 1.0 show paddy area in satellite image and figure 1.1 show paddy area on ground.

Objective
To classify the wet paddy and hill paddy area in Sibu, Sarawak using Remote Sensing and GIS Technology.

Scope
Study Area: Sibu, Sarawak. Path row:291/346

Data :

SPOT- 5 (10m) Multitemporal -6/1/2010 -1/7/2006 -8/8/2005 Multispectral - B1 (green :0.50 - 0.59Qm) - B2 (red :0.61 - 0.68Qm) - B3 (near infrared :0.78 - 0.89Qm) - B4 SWIR (short-wave infrared :1.58 1.75Qm)

Methodology
Data Collection SPOT-5 Multi spectral (10 m) Reproject Extracted the planted paddy area Ruleset: With mean intensity >= 0.52 and mean intensity <=1.3 Mean SWIR >=120 and mean SWIR <=250

Refinement Sibu Landuse Classification in vector format

Actual of planted paddy area

Overlay Refinement: Manual Editing change the overestimated paddy area to neighboring class Update Sibu Map base on Planted Paddy Area Accuracy Assesment Sibu Landuse Map

Data Collection :

6/1/2010

1/7/2006

8/8/2005

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 Multi temporal data was used to assist in process of selection suitable imagery date for the classification. Visual interpretations on image for wet paddy in planted season are different from harvest season. In planted season, wet paddy need a lot of water, while in harvest season, wet paddy are in dry conditions. The selection of image during the planted season are important to classify the paddy area

6/1/2010

1/7/2006

8/8/2005

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The graph above show the reflectance of wet paddy and cleared land from image of 8/8/2005

In this project, the data of 1/7/2006 and 8/8/2005 cannot be used because the reflectance of paddy area in the image are almost same with the cleared land area. This is due to the season of paddy growing. On July and August is harvest season. Image of 7/1/2010 has been used to classify the hill paddy and wet paddy area.

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Reproject : Reproject the image from WGS 84 to BRSO

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Classification : Using rule set technique from eCognition 8.0 software. Ruleset that have been used: - With mean intensity >= 0.52 and mean intensity <=1.3 - Mean SWIR >=120 and mean SWIR <=250
Mean intensity

With mean intensity >= 0.52 and mean intensity<=1.3

1.6625

0.03130

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SWIR

Mean SWIR >=120 and mean SWIR <=250

21.62

246.82

The soil moisture content controls the SWIR reflectance, with much of the incident energy being absorbed by the moisture. More moisture the soil, more SWIR reflectance being absorb.

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Refinement : Manual Editing delete the overestimated paddy area based on paddy point in field and orthophoto images.

Refinement

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Overlay :

Paddy area before refinement

Sibu Landuse Map

Overlay

Actual planted paddy area

Actual planted paddy area 17

Refinement : change the overestimated paddy area to the other class based on visual interpretation

Refinement

Overestimated paddy area

Grassland

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Result and Discussion

In this project, classification between hill paddy and wet paddy are failed due to the area of hill paddy in Sibu, Sarawak are too small to map. Hill paddy are planted adjacent to the wet paddy. Classification of wet paddy and hill paddy are combine to paddy class.

Hill Paddy Wet Paddy

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Different type of paddy setup:

Image above show the paddy area in Sibu, Sarawak. Different type of paddy setup is due to infrastructure, technique of paddy planting and irrigation.

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Land Cover Map of Sibu, Sarawak Sibu,

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 Accuracy Assesment:

Class 1 : Alan Class 2 : Oil Palm Class 3 : River Class 4 : River Sand Class 5 : Rubber Class 6 : Urban and Associated Areas Class 7 : Paddy Class 8 : Grasslands Class 9 : Cleared Land Class 10 : Mixed Swamp Forest

Based on the table above, total accuracy assessment for paddy area of land cover map are 66.67%.
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Conclusion and Recommendation

Landcover map can be produced using remote sensing and GIS technology with high accuracy. To classify the wet paddy and hill paddy area, it is important to check the crop calendar first before selecting the appropriate multitemporal data. Classification of hill paddy need the optimum of hill paddy area on the site.

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Timetable
Week Task Project proposal Data Collection (SPOT-5 & Topographical Map) Digital Image Classification Output: Map of Paddy Area in Sibu, Sarawak Field Verification Output: Accuracy Assesment Refine Classification Project Report Presentation 25 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10

TASK :ROAD ADMINISTRATION NETWORK DATABASE MINI PROJECT:BEST ROUTE FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE
NAME: SHARIFAH NUR AZWA SYED ISA YEAR / COURSE: 3 SGS (BACHELOR OF SCIENCE -REMOTE SENSING) SUPERVISORS NAME : CIK MARDIANA SHAFIEE
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OUTLINE
Introduction Objective Scope of training Data Used Software Used Methodology Result & Analysis Conclusion

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INTRODUCTION
GIS has two distinct utilization capabilities.  Pertaining to querying and obtaining information  Pertaining to in targeted analytical modeling. GIS database has also to provide to the different needs of applications. Database organization needs to ensure the following:  Flexibility in the design to adapt the needs of different users.  A controlled and standardized approach to data input and updated.  A system of validation checks to maintain the integrity and consistency of the data elements.  A level of security for minimizing damage to the data.  Minimizing redundancy in data storage.

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 Data for GIS database can be divided into two components:

 Spatial Data
    Spatial data consists of maps. Prepared by field surveys or by the interpretation of remotely sensed data. The examples for spatial data are soil survey map, geological map, land use map and etc. Some of these data are available in analog form while some data can be obtained in digital form.

 Non-spatial Data
    The coordinates of vector geometry or the position of raster cell represent non-spatial data. In vector data, the additional data contains attributes of the feature. For example, a forest inventory polygon may also have an identifier value and information about tree species. In raster data the cell value can store attribute information, but it can also be used as an identifier that can relate to records in another table.

OBJECTIVE
To establish a database of road administration containing relevant attribute information that are required in various mapping-related applications.

SCOPE OF TRAINING
The study area for my task includes of Cheras and Dengkil Putrajaya. Both of the regions are in Selangor state.

DATA USED
The data used to generate the road administration layer are listed in table below:
No. Type of Data Custodian Geographical locations layer named as BGN in the IGDP database Peta Jalanraya Negeri Director of National Mapping Malaysia (DNMM) 9001 (various scales) Peta DNMM 3001 (Scale 1:50,000) L7030 series topographic maps (Scale 1:50,000) L905 series (various scales) JKR road network dataset SPOT-5 pan-sharpened images JUPEM JUPEM

1 2

3 4 5 6 7

JUPEM JUPEM JUPEM JKR ARSM

SPOT 5 image satellite which are provided by Remote Sensing Data Services Section

SOFTWARE USED
The software and parameter used during the processing for this task is ArcGIS ArcMap 9.3

METHODOLOGY
Remote Sensing data processing  Processing methodology and flowchart The road administration database for Peninsular Malaysia was prepared in per state basis with initial priority given to states that experienced annual monsoon floods. Feature class for each state was named xxx_rd when submitted to the Base Data Administrator for incorporation into the IGDP database.  Accuracy Limitation: The scale for this feature class is 1:50,000  Edit the spatial layer using the command such Sketch Tool, Merging, Exploded, Split Tool etc.  Input the attribute information: RD_NAME, RD_NO, RDA_CODE, RDO_CODE, RDT_CODE and TRCAT_NAME.

 Attribute data
Code RD_ID TRCAT_COD E RDA_CODE RDO_CODE RDT_CODE RD_NO RD_NAME Description Unique number for a feature that will link the spatial layer with its corresponding attributes Code representing transport category Code refers to the authority who builds and maintains the road Code refers to the full name of the owner of the road Code representing type of road Refers to the numbering system for expressways, and federal and state routes Name of the road Malaysian

RESULT AND ANALYSIS

 Road Administration Network Database in Cheras, Selangor.

Summary of Cheras road administration Number of features: 1728 Attributes information relevant to Cheras road administration is as follows:
TRCAT_NAME RDA_CODE RDO_CODE RDT_CODE

CARTRACK_4

DUAL_HIGH

FOOTPATH

3B042

SCAR_1W1B

5071

507

SCAR_2W1A

5181

518

UNS_1W2B

 Road Administration Network Database in Dengkil - Putrajaya, Selangor.

Summary of Dengkil-Putrajaya road administration Number of features: 1728 Attributes information relevant to Dengkil-Putrajaya road administration is as follows:
TRCAT_NAME CARTRACK_4 DUAL_HIGH FOOTPATH INDIFF_3 SCAR_1W1B SCAR_2W1A UNS_1W2B RDA_CODE 1 2 3 5021 5061 5091 5111 5181 5201 5261 RDO_CODE 1 2 3B075 3B083 3W02 501 506 511 518 520 523 526 RDT_CODE 1 2 3 4 5 -

CONCLUSION
The road administration network spatial layer arranged by the Infrastructure and Engineering Section was firstly planned to be use in the flood extent mapping. In addition, the TRANSPORT_CATEGORYs name and description were based on JUPEMs transportation layers name and description, other codes and names were established from information gathered from various sources. The road administration network is hoping to help those people who are in emergency in future.

MINI PROJECT
BEST ROUTE FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE

INTRODUCTION
Best route can be defined as the optimal route to a network destination, based on specified criteria. The best route to take is the one with the lowest cost, based on specified criteria such as least of time, appropriate speed, types of road and so on. In case of emergency, the best route network are important especially to the service providers likes ambulance, police or fire stations.

OBJECTIVES
To find the best route in terms of times, speed and types of road from response center to the incidents.

STUDY AREA
The project will cover Dengkil Putrajaya region in Selangor State, Malaysia.

DATA USED
The data used to generate the best route layer for this project are: SPOT-5 pan-sharpened images with 2.5m resolutions provided by Remote Sensing Data Services Section Geographical locations layer named as BGN in the IGDP database

SOFTWARE USED
The software used for this project is ArcGIS 9.3 ArcMap.

METHODOLOGY
Before we can use the Network Analyst, we have to make sure that the network that we used is in network dataset. The network dataset is built from simple features (lines and points) and turns. Set up the Network Dataset properties for Sources, Connectivity, Elevation, Turns, Attributes and Directions. The network dataset which has been created consist of three layers: Road segments as polyline feature (edges) Junctions as point feature (system generated junctions) Road Network itself After creation of network dataset following spatial features are added to the ArcMap. Network dataset (junctions, edges) Accident location. All emergency hospital, which is available in Dengkil - Putrajaya, is added

RESULT AND ANALYSIS

The main problem for this project is because of the dataset itself. It is because the way we digitize the road network will affected the dataset. As shown in Figure, when I enter the incident location, the network only recognized the route as shown in figure. The other route cannot be recognized because it is not well connected to each other during the process of digitizing.

CONCLUSION
The GIS - Network Analyst are actually can be used to solve the problems faced by the ambulance or other response center such as police and fire stations when emergency cases happened in order to find the best route to the incidents location. From the result, I can conclude that the project is not working well as I did not get the best route to go to the incident location. But, further changes will be made for this project as a continuation for my thesis in final year project.