Mixtures and solutions

Definitions for Mixtures and Solutions matter: all materials in the universe. mixture: two or more materials mixed or stirred together. dissolve: the process of a material mixing with a liquid in a special way. When salt mixes with water, it seems to disappear and cannot be seen until the water dries up. solution: a special mixture formed when a material dissolves in a liquid and cannot be filtered out. saturation: a solution is saturated when as much solid material (such as sugar) as possible has dissolved in a liquid (such as coffee), and any additional solid material sits on the bottom.

Mixtures and solutions

property: a characteristic of an object; something you can observe such as size, color, shape, or texture. evaporation: to dry up; to change from a liquid into a gas. soluble: the property that substances have of dissolving in solvents, such as the soluability of salt in water. saturated solution: a solution in which no more material will dissolve; additional material settles to the bottom. concentration: the amount of material dissolved in a measure of liquid; the more material dissolved in the liquid, th more concentrated the solution. dilute: to make a solution less concentrated, usually by adding more liquid.

Mixtures and solutions

volume: the three-dimensional space occupied by something. threechemical reaction: a change that occurs as a result of mixing two or more materials together. A reaction results in the formation of new materials with different properties from the original ones. Teacher Preparation All materials should be available for each group of students (workstation). The sand, salt, iron filings and cooking oil can be in cups or small beakers. Go over the background information with the students. Show them examples of mixtures, solutions, and suspensions, and go over any new vocabulary words. Explain that in the following activity, each group has to make two mixtures using three ingredients each from the list of ingredients in the procedure. One of the mixtures must contain water; the other does not. After making the mixtures, each group must come up with a procedure for separating the ingredients. In part #2, the students have to grind Total Cereal into a powder and determine the percentage of iron in the mixture. Have a cup of cereal, magnet, scrap paper, empty plastic cup and balance available at each station. Properties of Mixtures and Solutions

Mixtures and solutions

Objectives Students will identify and separate the components in mixtures; determine the iron content in cereal; determine the concentrations of components of a mixture; use the following skills: making and applying observations, organizing and analyzing information, and measuring and recording data. Starting the activity Materials

Mixtures and solutions

4 g salt Two beakers (at least 500 mL) 4 g calcium carbonate or flour or talcum powder stirring rod flashlight water Procedure
To illustrate the difference between a solution and a suspension, add about 4 grams of salt to 500 mL of water. Also, prepare a solution of calcium carbonate (4.0 grams) and 500 mL of water. Make certain that each mixture is stirred well. You have to list any differences or similarities between the two mixtures. Darken the room and shine a flashlight through each beaker. The beaker with calcium carbonate will appear cloudy. Point out that this method is one way to differentiate between a solution and a suspension.

Mixtures and solutions

The particles in a suspension are larger and more unevenly distributed than those of a solution. When light passes through the suspension, the larger suspended particles scatter the light in all directions producing a cloudy appearance. This phenomenon is known as the Tyndall Effect. Most students have experienced the Effect. same effect in a movie theater, when light from the projector becomes visible through the dust in the air. http://www.edu.xunta.es/ftpserver/portal/S_E UROPEAS/FQ/3rdESO_archivos/Mixtures_Solutio ns.htm

Mixtures and solutions

Background Information Mixtures are combinations of substances that are not combined chemically. chemically. The amounts of substances in a mixture can vary. Students should understand that mixtures can change in appearance but this does not mean that any substances have changed in their chemical composition. Mixtures can be combinations of elements or compounds. Most substances found compounds. in nature are mixtures. A pure element or a pure compound is rarely found. Mixtures can be in any of the four phases of mattermatteror they can be in combinations of different phases. Air is a mixture of gases, milk is a mixture of solids and liquids, alloys are mixtures of solids. Mixtures that do not appear to be distributed the same throughout are said to be heterogeneous, and those that are the same throughout are called homogeneous. homogeneous.

Mixtures and solutions

Solutions are common types of homogeneous mixtures. Sugar and water form a mixtures. solution when mixed. The sugar becomes evenly distributed throughout the solution, so that one portion is not sweeter than another. The dissolved portion of the solution is called the solute (sugar) and the dissolving portion is the solvent (water). If more sugar is added to the solution, the entire solution (water). becomes sweeter and we say that it is more concentrated. In solution, sugar and water have not lost their properties, only combined them. Pouring a solution, like sugar and water, through filter paper will not separate the mixture, the sugar particles are too small. The best method is distillation; the water evaporates and the sugar is left behind. All materials are not soluble. A suspension is a mixture in which the solute particles are larger than molecules or ions. Particles this size cannot adhere to the molecules of the solvent and will eventually settle out. The particles in a suspension are in the range of 10-2000 angstroms in diameter (1A = 10.00000001 cm). The particles in a solution are usually much less than 10 A. As a result, in addition to settling, the particles in a suspension scatter light when it is passed through, giving it a cloudy appearance (Tyndall Effect).

Mixtures and solutions

Mixture Basics Mixtures are absolutely everywhere you look. Mixtures are the form for most things in nature. Rocks, air, or the ocean, they are just about anything you find. They are substances held together by physical forces, not forces, chemical. That statement means the individual molecules enjoy being near each other, but their fundamental chemical structure does not change when they enter the mixture. When you see distilled water, it's a pure substance. That fact means water, that there are just water molecules in the liquid. A mixture would be a glass of water with other things dissolved inside, maybe salt. Each of the substances in that glass of water keeps the original chemical properties. So, if you have some dissolved substances, you can boil off the water and still have those dissolved substances left over. Because it takes very high temperatures to boil salt, the salt is left in the container.

Mixtures and solutions

Mixtures are Everywhere There are an infinite number of mixtures. Anything you can combine is a mixture. Think of everything you eat. Just think about how many cakes there are. Each of those cakes is made up of a different mixture of ingredients. Even the wood in your pencil is considered a chemical mixture. There is the basic cellulose of the wood, but there are also thousands of other compounds in that pencil. Solutions are also mixtures. If you put sand into a glass of water, it is considered to be a mixture. You can always tell a mixture because each of the substances can be separated from the group in different physical ways. You can always get the sand out of the water by filtering the water away. A solution can also be made of two liquids. Even something as simple as bleach and water is a solution. http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_mixture.html