CROSS CULTURAL COMMUNICATION

VERBAL GREETING EXCHANGES IN ENGLISH

Group 3:
Nguy n T. Di u H ng Nguy n T. Minh Hu Bi T. Kim Ngn Bi T. nh Ng c Hong T. H ng Nhung

Presenter: Bi Th nh Ng c

Warm-up activity

Description of target participants

1. Class description - Class size: 27 students from group K39A10, ULIS, VNU - Gender: Female - Age: 21 - Level of language proficiency: advanced English 2. Teaching duration - Number of lectures: 3 - Time: 45 minutes/lecture

Description of target participants

3. Objectives By the end of the lesson, students are expected to:  understand more about the ways of greeting in English.  identify significant differences between the ways of greeting in English and Vietnamese -> develop skills for creating positive communication climates & avoid communication breakdown and culture shock. 4. Teaching aids  Handouts, blackboard, chalks, Visual aids (PowerPoint slideshow, clips)

OUTLINE OF LESSON
Lecture 1: Overview of verbal greetings in English 1. Definition of greeting/verbal greeting/greeting exchanges 2. Greeting and addressing in English 3. Greeting and addressing in Vietnamese Lecture 2: Verbal greeting exchanges in English 1. Greetings and responses in formal way 2. Greetings and responses in informal way 3. Conclusion Lecture 3: Revision 1. Revision of ways of greeting in English 2. Exercises

Lecture 2: Verbal Greeting Exchanges

in English
1. Greetings and responses in formal way 1.1. Common phrases 1.2. Some illustrative greetings in formal way 1.2.1. Greeting between two business partners 1.2.2. Greeting between two people at their first meeting 2. Greetings and responses in informal way 2.1. Common phrases 2.2. Some illustrative greetings in informal way 2.2.1. Greeting between two close friends 2.2.2. Greeting between two colleagues 3. Comparison with ways of greeting in Vietnamese 4. Conclusion References

Overview
Hong Th H ng Nhung

Greeting
Greeting is a way for humans to intentionally communicate to show attention to, and/or to affirm or suggest a type of relationship or social status between individuals or groups of people coming in contact with each other Greetings can be expressed both audibly (verbally) and physically (non-verbally) and often involve a combination of the two. (wikipedia.com)

VERBAL GREETING EXCHANGES

 are words or phrases used to introduce oneself or to greet someone (Wikipedia)  may be one of three linguistic units: question (How do you do?), interjection (Hello) or affirmation (Good morning) (Firth,1973)  have 3 components: formulaic phrases, address forms, and phatic

communion or small talk (Laver,1981)

Verbal Greeting Exchanges

Verbal greeting exchanges in English follow 2 tendencies, based on degrees of intimacy between interlocutors.

Informal greeting: used by close friends, close associates, long time collogues, teammates, etc. Formal greeting: appropriate for business; interacting with strangers, new acquaintances, clients, seniors etc.

Degrees of formality more formal

Degrees of intimacy less intimate

less formal

more intimate

Formal Greeting Exchanges

Nguy n Th Minh Hu

FORMAL GREETING EXCHANGES

Common phrases of formal greeting Some illustrative greetings in formal way Greeting between two business partners Greeting between two people at their first meeting

Greetings in formal way

Often used by people at work or the old generation Addressing terms preceded by the greeting are often title (Doctor) or title with last name ( Doctor Smith)

Common phrases of formal greetings

Possible Greetings
Affirmation (based on time of day) Interjection (used at any time of day) Good morning, Dr Johnson Good afternoon Mrs Brown Good evening, Mr Smith Hello, Mr Smith/Sir! Nice/Pleased to meet you! Im happy to meet you Its a pleasure to meet you. Im very pleased to make your acquaintance How do you do? How are you doing? How have you been?

Possible Responses
Good morning Good afternoon Good evening Hello, Mrs Brown/Madam! Nice/Pleased to meet you,too! So am I

Question

How do you do? Im doing very well Im very fine

Some illustrative greetings in formal way

Greeting between people at the first meeting
Takes place between new people at their first meeting. Gives participants opportunities to communicate and find connections, similarities between friends.

Greetings between people at the first meeting

For example: (At a party) A: Let me introduce myself. Im Michael Benjamin. Its nice to meet you. B: Nice to meet you. My names John Smith A: Who do you know here? B: Bill. I work with him. A: Oh. Are you an accountant, too? B: No, Im in public relations. A: Oh. Well, Im an old friend of Bills
http://vocw.edu.vn/content/m1124 1/latest/

Greetings between two business partners

used between people who have no close social relationship starts with a very brief sentence, sometimes no greeting sentence is used.
For example:
Client: Mr. Matone? Joe Matone: Yes? Client: I want to talk to you about Puerto Rico. Joe Matone: Oh? Come in. What about Puerto Rico?
http://vocw.edu.vn/content/m1124 1/latest/

Clip 1

Clip 2

GREETING IN INFORMAL WAY

Bi Th Kim Ngn

INFORMAL GREETING EXCHANGES

Common phrases of informal greeting Some illustrative greetings in informal way Greeting between two close friends Greeting between two neighbours

Greetings in informal way

Often used in some intimate interactions, between people who have a ( very) close relationship Addressing terms preceded by the greeting are short ( may be first name or multiple name Liz for Elizabeth/ Bill for Williams)

Common phrases
Greetings Responses Morning/Afternoon/Evening Hello/Hi/Hey/Hi there! Fine/Not bad/ All right / Pretty good / So so Can't complain. How 'bout you? Im cool / Im fine / Im okay Terrible, nothing's going right. Couldn't get any better Then ask, "What's up with you?" or "How about you?"

Time of a day General

Morning/Afternoon/Eve ning Hello/Hi/Hey/Hi there!

Question greeting

What's happening? How's it going? What's up? "How ya doin'? How's things? How are you? Whats new?

Clip 3 Informal greeting in English

Greetings between close friends

A: Hi, John B: Hey, alright. How are you? A: Very well. B: What have you been up to? A: So so. What about you? B: Oh, quite busy intimate interaction, close relationship) Using short addressing term using simple and short greeting phrases using very general questions

Greetings between colleagues

( In an office, Kate enters the room) Kate: Bill, what are you doing? Bill: Oh, Kate. Just typing the report Kate: Yeah, have you finished that work? Bill: Nearly in fact.
intimate interaction, close relationship using multiple names : Kate, Bill Omitting greeting formulaic ( Hi, Hey) discussing about something both know

Clip 4 Informal greeting in Vietnamese

Presenter: Nguy n Th Di u H ng

Comparison with Vietnamese formal greeting exchanges

The youngsters The elders
- Chu cho ng ! - Cho chu! emphasize on the social order

The social relations: - Cho ch [xin l i, ti ang tm s nh 50, ch ch gip

v i ] ( strangers) - Cho anh [Anh n s m th ] - Vng, ti c cht vi c. (colleagues not close) - Cho bc s ( patient/relatives of the patients doctor)

Comparison with Vietnamese formal greeting exchanges

Formula Greeting: The pronoun indicates the speaker + CHO + The pronoun indicates the listener Response: CHO + The pronoun indicate the opposite The word is often added at the end of the greeting utterance to show respect of the speaker to the listener

Comparison with Vietnamese formal greeting exchanges If the greeting is performed with question, the response is often positive and courtesy.
Anh Khnh! Khng dm, cho c! D o ny anh kh e khng ? Cm n c, nh tr i, ti v n kh e!

Comparison with Vietnamese informal greeting exchanges

The two persons have a close and/or long relationship:
- M ! - , v mu n th con! - D Lan! C ng chu, lu l m m i th y n ch i! - C Vn! -Minh em, ra dng qu r i ny!Ln i h c r i c khc. - Hoa th i! My !  The addressing terms are important and can not be omitted between the people who are at different age and status.

Comparison with Vietnamese informal greeting exchanges The greetings are often accompanied with questions
Mai, i u y? - , my , o m i hay sao ka? Ch S n, ch ang lm g trn nc nh th ? H ng , , ch ang s a ci ny. i h c v ? D !

Comparison with Vietnamese informal greeting exchanges

When Vietnamese people know each other well, the greetings are exchanged as a way to show the friendliness and their care about each other. - Ch L! - Em ch b c m, ti t m! y ah! Vng. Nghe ni hm tr c ch a th ? r i, thay i th i

- Chu cho b! D o ny b kh e khng ? i, v n au l ng su t ch !

Comparison with Vietnamese informal greeting exchanges

In English, if people greet in question, they also do not expect an exact answer. However, the answer is often positive, although it is not the real situation: -How are you going? Not bad Only those who are really close to each other give the truth answer: - Whats up? Terrible!

CONCLUSION
 Greetings in English are more standard in terms of formula than those in Vietnamese.  The Anglicists seem to use more open-ended questions (Whquestions) as greeting exchanges. The questions mostly concern with health or general questions, not requiring into detailed problems.

CONCLUSION
 Differently, Vietnamese greeting exchanges are in the form of both open-ended and close-ended questions (Yes-No questions), work-in-progress questions, concerning with what other people are doing, are the most popular (want to announce their presence or to show their concern). =>The greeting exchanges in English and Vietnamese are strikingly different. This is understandable due to different values in cultures.

REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/greeting http://answer.com/greeting http://www.learningenglish.de/basics/greetings.htm http://www.english-at-home/speaking/englishgreetings http://www.englishtest.net/esl/learn/english/grammar/ii129/eslanswers.php Kennet E-Williams, An Evaluation of Greeting Exchanges in Textbooks and Real Life Settings