Brief Introduction to Chinese Power Grids

2011

 Fundamental Principles of Power Industry 

Installed Power-Generating Capacity, Power Supply and Demand

 Power Grid Scale  Power Industry Structure and Main Power Corporations  Power Grid Structure  500kv 500kV Power Grids  Ultra-High Voltage (UHV) Power Transmission  Power Dispatch

Fundamental Principles of Power Industry

Raise energy utilization efficiency, preserve the ecological environment, optimize the development of coal fired power, orderly develop hydropower, speed up nuclear power, accelerate the development of the new energy power , stress power grid construction, expand the scale of power transmission from west to east.

Installed Power-generating Capacity, Power Supply and Demand

2010 2.12 1.12% 7.07 22.04% 3107

9.62 73.49% 1082 3.23%

Till the end of 2010, the installed power generating capacity had reached 962GW. Thermal power, 707GW, 73.49%. Hydropower, 212GW, 22.04%. Nuclear power, 10.82GW, 1.12%. Wind power, 31.07GW, 3.23%.

The Installed Power Generating Capacity of GW China 962GW 1000

900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1980 1990

2000

2010

Power Supply and Demand 42280 6863 34145 768.17 501 In 2010, the total generated energy in China reached 4228.0G kWh. Hydropower686.3G kWh. Thermal power, 3414.5G kWh. Nuclear power, 76.8G kWh. Wind power, 50.1G kWh. 2010

Total Generated Energy of China

G kWh
4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
1971 1980 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

4228 G kWh

Power Supply and Demand

2010 O 2200 In 2010, power supply and demand was basically balanced in China. Though the regional lack of power still existed, the tense situation of the supply and demand was obviously relieved. The max lack of power was 22GW in case of peak load.

Power Grid Scale

2010 220 44.26 750kV 7303 330kV 1.72 1000kV 2718 500kV 9.3 220kV 23.97

Till the end of 2010, the length of the transmission lines of all over 220kV reached 442.6 thousand km, more specifically, 1000kV transmission lines, 2718 km. 750kV transmission lines, 7303 km. 500kV transmission lines, 93000 km. 330kV transmission lines, 17200 km. 220kV transmission lines, 239700 km.

Power Grid Scale

2010 220 1000kV 1130 500kV 72180 220kV 108792 191691 750kV 3640 330kV

6209

Till the end of 2010, the capacity of power transformers reached 1916910MVA, more specifically, 1000kV power transformers, 11300MVA. 750kV power transformers, 36400MVA. 500kV power transformers, 721800MVA. 330kV power transformers, 62090MVA. 220kV power transformers, 1087920MVA.

Power Industry Structure

Independent Power plants
Power Plants

Independent Power plants

Power Generation

Power Transmission Power Grid Companies

Power Supply

Consumers

Main Power Corporations :

State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC)

Power Grid Companies:

China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd. (CSG)

The Geographic Distribution of the Power Grid Companies

Main Power Corporations

/Electric Power Generation Companies 2010 2010 2010 11384 10579 8610
China Huaneng group (CHNG, 113.84GW in 2010)

China Datang Corporation (CDT, 105.79GW in 2010)

China Huadian Corporation (CHD, 86.10GW in 2010)

Main Power Corporations

2010 9531 China Guodian Corporation (CGD, 95.31GW in 2010) 2010 7073 China Power Investment Corporation (CPI, 70.73GW in 2010)

Main Power Corporations

2010 2129 China Three Gorges Project Corporation (21.29GW in 2010)

697
China Guangdong Nuclear Power Holding Co., Ltd. (CGNPC, Nuclear Power generating capacity 6.97GW in 2010)

2119
Guangdong Yuedean Group Co., Ltd (21.19GW in 2010)

1941
Zhejiang Provincial Energy Group Company Ltd.
(19.41GW in 2010)

/Power Grid Structure The Development of the Voltage Step

kV

1000kV 750kV 500kV AC/DC 330kV

35~ 110kV

220kV 2000 2005 2008

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990

/Power Grid Structure 500kV 220kV 330kV

Till now, the 500kV(330kV) and 220kV transmission lines have become the backbones in China. The northern, central and southern corridors are formed initially to divert power from the western to the eastern regions. The connections between different provincial grids in the same region and those between different regional girds are realized.

/Power Grid Structure 26 5 State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC)s controlling areas include 26 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. SGCC consists of North China Power Grid, Northeast Power Grid, East China Power Grid, Central China Power Grid, and Northwest Power Grid.

North China Power Grid

The north China power grid consists of Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Grid, South Hebei Grid, Shanxi Grid, Shandong Grid and West Inner Mongolia Grid.

North China Power Grid

Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region is the main load center that receives power from Shanxi Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

North China Power Grid

5 11 During the 10th Five-Year Plan period (2001-2005), the number of the electric power diversion corridors from the western to the eastern regions in north China power grid, had been expanded to 5 with 11 transmission routes.

Northeast Power Grid

The northeast China power grid consists of Liaoning Grid, Jilin Grid, Heilongjiang Grid, and East Inner Mongolia Grid.

Northeast Power Grid

Heilongjiang Province and East Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are the main power delivering region. Power flow direction is from the northern to the southern regions.

Northeast Power Grid

500kV 220kV 500kV 220kV The main part of the northeast power grid is formed with 500kV and 220kV transmission lines, there are 3 500kV transmission routes and some 220kV transmission corridors from the northern to the southern regions.

East China Power Grid

The east China power gird is made up of Shanghai grid, Jiangsu grid, Zhejiang grid, Anhui grid and Fujian grid. The power flow directions are from the western to the eastern regions and from the northern to the southern regions as well.

East China Power Grid

500kV 500kV At present, two 500kV central circle grids are formed in the Yangtze delta area of East China. Depending on the 500kV central circle grids, the strong 500kV power grids have been built in each province and city.

Central China Power Grid

The central China power gird consists of Hubei grid, Henan grid, Hunan grid, Jiangxi grid, Sichuan grid and Chongking grid.

Central China Power Grid

The main water resources in China spread in Sichuan Province, Hubei Province and Hunan Province. The three gorges stands in Hubei Province and the electric power is transmitted via high-voltage direct-current transmission projects.

Northwest Power Grid

330kV The northwest China power gird includes Shaanxi grid, Gansu grid, Ningxia grid, Qinghai grid and Xinjiang grid, with the 330kV power grids as its backbone.

Northwest Power Grid

In northwest China region, thermal power plants are mainly located in eastern area, but the main hydropower plants in western area. The power flow direction of the power diversion from western areas to the eastern areas or from the eastern areas to the western areas change frequently due to the complementation between thermal power and hydropower power.

Northwest Power Grid

4 330kV There are no less than four transmission lines over 330kV between each provincial power grid. The electricity energy is balanced mainly in each provincial power grid, with little electricity energy exchange between them.

South China Power Grid

The south China power gird managed by China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd. (CSG), consists of Guangdong grid, Guangxi grid, Hainan grid, Guizhou grid and Yunnan grid. At present, the Hainan provincial power gird is not connected with the south China power grid.

South China Power Grid

1650 There are six AC transmission corridors and four DC transmission corridors in south China power grid. AC and DC transmission lines run in parallel. The power capacity diverted from the western areas to the eastern areas has reached 16.5GW.

Six AC And Four DC Transmission Lines

500
Four 500kV AC lines from Tianshengqiao to Guangzhou

500
Two 500kV AC lines from Guizhou to Guangzhou

s 500
One s500kV DC lines from Tianshengqiao to Guangzhou

s 500
One s500kV DC lines from the Three Gorges to Guangzhou

s 500
Three s500kV DC lines from Guizhou to Guangzhou

The Geographic Distribution of the Regional Power Grids

Northeast China Power Gird North China Power Gird

Northwest China Power Gird

Central China Power Gird Tibet Power Gird South China Power Gird

East China Power Gird

The Installed Power Generating Capacity of each regional power grid/

Northeast China Power Gird 87..87GW

Xinjiang
Northwest China Power Gird 86.73GW

North China Power Gird 213.15GW

East China Power Gird 203.87GW

Tibet

Central China Power Gird 199.64GW

Taiwan
South China Power Gird 168.9GW

At present, all power girds are connected with one another around China has been basically realized. The connection of northeast China power grid to the north China power grid, that of the north China power grid to the central China power grid, that of the northwest China power grid to the central China power grid, that of the central China power grid to the east China power grid, and that of the central China power grid to the south China power grid have been completed.

Northeast china Power grid

North china power grid Northwest China Power Grid

Tibet
Central China Power Grid