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Now, there is
CCS7 (Common Channel Signaling Number 7) a messagebased signaling protocol that controls the information traveling between signaling points in a network. Two separate paths are used for transmitting information : one path for voice/data, one path for all signaling
Advantages of CCS7
Voice/data traffic and signaling traffic travel on separate paths thus increasing bandwidth. Signaling traffic travels faster and can look ahead to make sure long distance and local channels are available. The improved call setup time results in increased network capacity. One signaling link can support several voice/data calls. The voice path is not set up until the signaling indicates a successful call set-up.
CCS7 and SS7 are nearly identical and the terms are used interchangeably.
A network database which provides a centralized place for access to network information.
Signaling Link
Signaling connection between two nodes
Link Set
A B
Route
Route Set
Set of all routes from one node to another which is made up of linksets
Associated Signaling
Direct Access
STP SSP
A L in k B L in k
STP
A L in k
SS C P SC P CP SCP
F L in k
A L in ks
C L ink
B L in ks
C L ink
A L in ks
STP SSP
A L in k B L in k
STP
A L in k
SSCP CP
D L ink
D L inks
D L ink
STP
C L ink
STP
A Link BSS
A Link BSS
A Link BSS
TCAP
BSSM AP
D TA P
IS U P
SCCP
MTP Level 1
Concerned with the raw transmission of bits over a physical medium which can be satellite, microwave, fiber optics, etc. Transmission of bits occurs over a bidirectional path, comprised of two data channels operating together in opposite directions at the same data rate. The recommended bit-rate for ANSI is 56 kbps and for CCITT is 64 kbps, although this is dependant on the physical medium used.
MTP Level 2
Together with Level 1, this level provides a signaling link between two directly connected signaling points in the SS7 network. Functions are as follows:
Transfer signaling information in variable length messages (20 279 bytes) called Signaling Units (SU) which come as MSUs, LSSUs, or FISUs Signaling Unit synchronization and alignment Error detection and correction Error monitoring by the FSN, BSN, FIB, BIB Flow Control
F lag 8 b its
LSSU
F lag 8 C he ck 16 S tatu s 8 or 1 6 2 LI 6 F SN 7 B IB F IB B SN 7 Fla g 8 bi ts 1 1
F IS U
B IB F IB F lag 8 C he ck 16 2 LI 6 F SN 7 B SN 7 F lag 8 b its 1 1
Length Indicator (LI) Indicates the number of octets between the end of the two unused octects to the start of the check field; Differentiates between the types of the SU:
FISU LI = 0 LSSU LI = 1 or 2 MSU LI = 3 to 63
Indicator Bits (FIB, BIB) Used in conjunction with FSN and BSN for sequence and error control
MTP Level 3
Ensures reliable transfer of messages, even in the event of signaling link and STP failure. For elaboration, the two parts are:
Signaling Message Handling Signaling Network Management
7 bytes
Routing Level
3 bits
5 bits SLS
ANSI ETSI
Services of SCCP
Provides four classes of service beyond addressing enhancements: Class 0 Basic Connectionless Class: User-to-User information blocks (called Network Services Data Units, NSDUs) are delivered independently without sequencing Class 1 Sequenced Connectionless Class: NSDUs are delivered in sequence Class 2 Basic Connection Oriented Class: Transfer of NSDUs is performed by setting up a temporary or permanent signaling connection. Class 3 Flow Control Connection Oriented Class: Capabilities of Class 2 with flow control, the detection of message loss and misqueuing
Transaction Capabilities Application Part Provides a connectionless environment which can be used by an application at one SS7 node to invoke execution of a procedure in another node Consists of two sublayers: Transaction portion Component Portion
Component n
Component n
Ensures components are formatted and exchanged properly Contain either requests for action or a response to a requested action Identifies an operation with instructions for the receiving end Four component types: Invoke, Return Result, Error, Reject
TCAP
BSSM AP
D TA P
IS U P
SCCP
ISUP (cont)
Allows voice and data to be integrated into a single signal All ISUP messages include:
Message Type Mandatory Fixed Part Mandatory Variable Part Optional Part
Routing Level
Optional Part
Message Type
CIC
The SIF of the MSU contains TUP specific information and a TUP label
H1 Message Type 4
H0 Message Group 4
Routing Label 40 or 64