Scribd Logo
Carica

Benvenuto in Scribd!

  • Water Purification

    Caricato da

    Anshuli Trivedi
    771 visualizzazioni21 pagine
    The document discusses various methods for purifying water on both small and large scales. For small-scale household purification, it describes boiling, chemical disinfection using chlorine, and filtration methods. For large-scale water filtration, it explains slow sand filtration used in rural areas and rapid sand filtration employed in urban areas with larger populations. The rapid method uses coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation prior to filtration to allow for higher filtration rates compared to the slow sand technique. Government initiatives over the past decades have aimed to improve access to safe drinking water and sanitation in rural villages and communities across India.

    Descrizione originale:

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Formati disponibili

    PPT, PDF, TXT o leggi online da Scribd

    Hai trovato utile questo documento?

    Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

    Segnala questo documento
    The document discusses various methods for purifying water on both small and large scales. For small-scale household purification, it describes boiling, chemical disinfection using chlorine, and filtration methods. For large-scale water filtration, it explains slow sand filtration used in rural areas and rapid sand filtration employed in urban areas with larger populations. The rapid method uses coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation prior to filtration to allow for higher filtration rates compared to the slow sand technique. Government initiatives over the past decades have aimed to improve access to safe drinking water and sanitation in rural villages and communities across India.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Scarica in formato PPT, PDF, TXT o leggi online su Scribd
    Segnala contenuti inappropriati
    771 visualizzazioni21 pagine

    Water Purification

    Caricato da

    Anshuli Trivedi
    The document discusses various methods for purifying water on both small and large scales. For small-scale household purification, it describes boiling, chemical disinfection using chlorine, and filtration methods. For large-scale water filtration, it explains slow sand filtration used in rural areas and rapid sand filtration employed in urban areas with larger populations. The rapid method uses coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation prior to filtration to allow for higher filtration rates compared to the slow sand technique. Government initiatives over the past decades have aimed to improve access to safe drinking water and sanitation in rural villages and communities across India.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Scarica in formato PPT, PDF, TXT o leggi online su Scribd
    Segnala contenuti inappropriati
    di 21

    Environment & Health

    Water

    Purification

    Water purification in small scale


    House hold purification of water Boiling Chemical disinfection Filtration

    Boiling
    Free of bacteria spores, viruses,cysts & ova. Temporary hardness removed. No residual protection

    Chemical disinfection(Chlorine)
    Cl2+H2O=HCl + HOCl. HOCl=H+ + OClKills bacteria & viruses(No Action-Polio,HepA ). No action on spores, cysts & ova. Oxidises-Fe,Mn,H2S. Inhibits growth of algae & slime.

    Chemical disinfection(Chlorine)
    Principles of chlorinationWater free from turbidity pH~7. Chlorine demand estimation. Contact period 60 min. Free residual chlorine 0.5mg/L after 1hour.

    Methods of Chemical dis infection


    Bleaching powder(CaOCl2 )Contains 33% available chlorine on fresh preparation. Free residual chlorine of 0.5mg/L after one hour. Chlorine Tablets=0.5gm disinfect 20L of water.

    Chemical disinfectants
    Iodine Solution-2% ethanol solution 2 drops=1L

    Potassium Permanganate solution-Powerful oxidizing agent.

    (SILVER Ag)
    Silver reacts with the sulfhydryl (-SH) groups in the bacterial cells.

    Filtration
    Used at home. Candle used for filteration Types-Pasteur Chamberland-Filter Porcelain candle Katadyn Filter-Silver catalyst Berkefeld-Kieselgurh candle

    Domestic water filtres

    Aqua guard- E-boiling +, UV+, RO+ UF+ and SMP+ Swach-Nano technology

    Dis infection of well


    Find volume of water in the well. Estimate Chlorine Demand-Horrocks Apparatus Prepare Bleaching powder solution. Delivery of Chlorine solution in well. Contact period-one hour Orthotolidine Arsenite Test-Test for residual chlorine using Chloroscope.

    Water filtration in Large scale

    Water filtration in large scale


    Storage
    Suspended impurities settle down. NH3 Nitrates Reduction in bacterial count. Optimum time-10-14 days.

    Filtration of water Slow Sand Filter


    Supernatant water-1-1.5m Sand bed-1.2m Particle size-0.2-0.3mm Gravel support-.30m Schmutzdecke/Vital LayerRemoves Organic matter Adsorbs bacteria Oxidizes NH3 Filter bottom-0.16m Rate of Filtration- 0.1 to 0.4 m/hour/sq mt Cleaning-manual scrapping

    Water filtration in large scale Rapid Sand Filter


    Coagulation- (Alum) Rapid mixing Flocculation Sedimentation Filtration

    Coagulation

    Rapid Mixing

    Flocculation

    Flocculent(Al(OH)3

    Sedimentation

    Filtration of water-Rapid sand Filter

    Supernatant water-5-6 ft Sand bed-2.5-3 ft Particle size-0.4-0.7mm Graded Gravel-1-1.5 ft Rate of filtration5-15L/m/hour

    Cleaning-Backwashing

    RSF vs SSF
    Rapid sand filter Slow sand filter

    Space Rate of filtration Size of sand Particle Preliminary T/T Washing Operation Removal of bacteria Utility

    Less space 200 m ga/day 0.4-0.7mm Chemical coagulation & Sedimentation Back washing Highly Skilled 98-99%
    rural or small community

    Large space 2-3 m.ga/day 0.2-0.3mm Only Sedimentation By scrapping Less skilled 99.99% Urban areas with large population

    Govt initiatives1954-National water supply & Sanitation programme 1972-Accelerated Rural Water Supply & Sanitation Programme identified problem Village. 1981-International drinking water supply & Sanitation Decade programme. 2002-Swajaldhara-Panchayat plan, implement, operate, maintain & manage water supply & sanitation.

    THANKS

    Potrebbero piacerti anche