SEAWEED

(Marine Algae = multicellularalgae) multicellularalgae)

Types of Algae
Chlorophyta

= Green Phaeophyta = Brown Rhodophyta = Red

REPRODUCTION OF SEAWEED
 Fragmentation-asexual Fragmentation-

reproduction in which the thallus breaks up into pieces, which grow into new algae.  Through spore formation:formation: haploid spores ae formed are within an area of the thallus(sporangium) thallus(sporangium) through meoisis SporophyteSporophyte- stage of the life cycle that produce spores which is diploid

Cont..
Oedogonium is a multicellular, multicellular, filamentous green algae with specialized cells called gametangia that form gametes  The male gametangia or antheridium makes sperm, & the female gametangia or oogonium makes eggs  Sperm are released into the water & swim to the egg to fertilize them


Cont..
The fertilized egg or zygote is released from the oogonium & forms thick-walled thickzoospores Zoospores  undergo meiosis so one cell attaches to the bottom & develops a holdfast while the other zoospores divide & form a filament


Oedogonium Life Cycle

Conjugation Tube between Spirogyra

Spirogyra, Spirogyra, another filamentous green algae, reproduces by conjugation  Two filaments align side by side, their adjacent cell walls dissolve, & a conjugation tube forms between them  Fertilization occurs when a + gamete cell moves through the tube & fuses to the gamete cell  Zygote forms a thick walled spore (sporangium) that breaks away from the parent & forms a new filament


Conjugation Tube between Spirogyra

Cont..


Sexual reproduction Gametes fuses to form a diploid zygote GametophyteGametophyte- stage of the life cycle that produce gametes GametangiaGametangia- structure where gametes are typically produced.

 Alternation

of generation

The adult seaweed plant cells are diploid,contain diploid,contain two sets of chromosomes. Diploid plants, sporophytes, produce sporophytes, and release haploid spores ,by meiosis(n) the haploid spores settle and grow into gametophytes

The gametophytes produce sperm or eggs. When the sperm and eggare fused together(diploid together(diploid cell) , and as the zygotes develop into diploid sporophytes, sporophytes, the cycle continues.

Alternation of generations

The Green Algae(chlorophyta) Algae(chlorophyta)

the same pigments as land plants  Have chlorophyll a and b  Marine algae are macro  Reproduction-Alternation of Reproductiongenerations(2 generations(2 or more separate multicellular stages)  motile ,have two apical or subapical flagella
 Have

Acetabularia

Caulerpa sp. sp.

Caulerpa sp. sp.

Caulerpa floridana

Caulerpa racemosa

Caulerpa sp. sp.

Caulerpa sp.

Chaetomorpha sp.

Halimeda sp.

Udotea sp.

Ventricularia sp.

Ulva lactuca

Life cycle ulva sp.

Phaeophyta(brown algae) Phaeophyta(brown

 Largest

and most complex of the

algae  All are marine  Have chlorophyll a and c  Brown color comes from accessory pigments (fucoxanthin) (fucoxanthin)

have evolved an interesting type of alternation of generations, in which physiologically independent haploid gametophyte plants produce gametes, the fusion of which initiates the diploid sporophyte generation.

Dictyota

Fucus

Laminaria

Padina

Turbinaria

Sargassum

Kelp

Life cycle fucus

Rhodophyta(red Rhodophyta(red algae)

Greek word Rhodos = Red Rhodos  Have chlorophyll a and d  Accessory pigment phycoerythrin gives the red color plus allows them to survive at greater depths.  Phycoerythrins are also found in cyanobacteria  not flagellated; none has motile cells of any kind.  extremely complex, involving one haploid phase and two diploid phases


Halimenia sp.

Halimenia sp.

Renouxia sp.

Rhodogrodon sp.

Sebdenia sp.

Trichoglowia sp.

Corraline red alga

Hydrolython sp.

Peyssonellia sp.

Life cycle red algae