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EQ vs. IQ
Definition of Intelligence
The ability to learn or understand or to deal with new or trying situations : the skilled use of reason The cognitive abilities of an individual to learn from experience, to reason well, and to cope effectively with the demands of daily living.
What is Intelligence?
"Intelligence, as a hypothetical construct, is the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his environment - Wechsler
What is Intelligence?
Although experts differ on an exact definition of intelligence most agree that intelligent behavior has at least two components:
End-States
Sensitivity to, and capacity to discern, logical Scientist or numerical patterns; ability to handle long Mathematician chains of reasoning. Sensitivity to the sounds, rhythms, and meanings of words; sensitivity to the different functions of language. Abilities to produce and appreciate rhythm, pitch, and timbre; appreciation of the forms of musical expressiveness. Capacities to perceive the visual-spatial world accurately and to perform transformations on ones initial perceptions.
Linguistic
Musical
Spatial
Sculptor Navigator
End-States
Dancer Athlete
Interpersonal
Therapist Salesman
Intrapersonal
Emotional Intelligence
ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions
I look upon intelligence as an effect rather than a cause, that is, as a resultant of interacting abilities - nonintellective included. The problem confronting psychologists today is how these abilities interact to give the resultant effect we call intelligence."
- Wechsler
Emotional Intelligence. It is a performance based scale, meaning it measures how well an individual performs tasks and solves emotional problems - instead of simply just asking individuals for their subjective assessment of their emotional skills. It was developed from an intelligence testing perspective.
Scales
Identifying Emotions: identify emotions in faces Using Emotions to Facilitate Thought: use emotions to solve problems Understanding Emotions: figure out what makes people tick Managing Emotions: make optimal decisions
EXPERIENTIAL
STRATEGIC
MSCEIT Structure
Identify Emotions - Faces: 3 faces (4 5-part Qs) - Pictures: 6 designs (6 5-part Qs) Facilitating Thought (Use Emotions) - Sensations: 5 situations (5 3-part Qs) - Facilitation: 5 problems (5 3-part Qs) Understand Emotions - Changes: 20 item (20 Qs) - Blends: 12 items (12 Qs) Manage Emotions - Emotion Management: 5 situations (5 4-part) - Emotional Relationships: 3 situations (3 3-part)
Identify Emotions Ability Accurately identify emotions in people and objects Question Types Identify emotions in faces, landscapes, and designs. How the Ability May Be Used "Read" people's moods for feedback.
1. No Happiness
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
2. No Fear
INSTRUCTIONS: How much is each feeling expressed by this picture? 1 2 3 4 5 1. Happiness 2. Sadness
Ability Accurately identify emotions in people and objects How the Ability May Be Used "Read" people's moods for feedback.
Facilitate Thought Ability Generate an emotion and solve problems with that emotion Question Types How moods impact thinking; relating feelings to thoughts How the Ability May Be Used Creating the right feeling to assist in problem solving, communicating a vision, leading people.
1. What mood(s) might be helpful to feel when meeting in-laws for the very first time?
Not Useful
a. tension b. surprise c. joy 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4
Useful
5 5 5
Ability Generate an emotion and solve problems with that emotion How the Ability May Be Used Creating the right feeling to assist in problem solving, communicating a vision, leading people.
Understand Emotions
Ability Understand the causes of emotions Question Types Multiple choice emotion vocabulary questions. How the Ability May Be Used Being able to predict how people will emotionally react.
1.
Tom felt anxious, and became a bit stressed when he thought about all the work he needed to do. When his supervisor brought him an additional project, he felt_______________.
a. overwhelmed b. depressed c. ashamed d. self-conscious e. jittery
Ability Understand the causes of emotions How the Ability May Be Used Being able to predict how people will emotionally react.
Manage Emotions Ability Stay open to emotions and blend with thinking. Question Types Indicate effectiveness of various solutions to problems. How the Ability May Be Used Integrate emotion and thought to make effective decisions.
)
1.
Debbie just came back from vacation. She was feeling peaceful and content. How well would each action preserve her mood?
Action 1: She started to make a list of things at home that she needed to do. Action 2: She began thinking about where and when she go on her next vacation. Action 3: She decided it was best ignore the feeling since it wouldnt last anyway. a) Very ineffective c) Neutral e) Very Ineffective b) Somewhat Ineffective d) Somewhat Ineffective
Consensus Scoring
Consensus
scoring has been used with great success. It is based upon the agreement of a large number of people. For example, if 70 percent of people felt that a photo was of a very happy person, then the best answer for the photo would be happiness.
Expert Scoring
Based on Wechsler intelligence tests Responses to intelligence test questions are categorized Experts (psychologists) rate quality of responses Compare test-takers response to experts ratings
MSCEIT Reliability
MSCEIT .93
EXPERIENCE .90
STRATEGIC .88
IDENTIFY .91
FACIL/USE .79
UNDERSTAND .80
MANAGE .83
In Two Large-Sample Studies (N > 1700), Confirmatory Factor Analyses Show Good Fits for the 1, 2, and 4 Factor Models
Overall EIQ
Experiential Area
Reasoning Area
Perceiving Emotion
Using Emotion
Understanding Emotion
Managing Emotion
T MSCEIT
r = .00 to .35
r = .00 to .35
Sources: Bracket & Mayer, in press; Caruso, Mayer, & Salovey, 2002; Ciarrochi, Chan & Caputo, 2000; Mayer, Caruso, & Salovey, 1999; Roberts, Zeidner, & Mathews, forthcoming; Salovey, Mayer, Caruso,& Lopez, in press.
Sources: Brackett & Mayer, in press; Brackett, Mayer, & Warner, under review; Formica, 1999; Trinidad & Johnson, 2001; Rubin, 2000; N = 48.
Why Was the BarOn EQ-i Developed? EQTo help answer a basic question: Why do some people with high IQ fail in life, while others with moderate IQ succeed?
Steps in the Development of BarOn EQ-i EQ Identified key determinants of success Clustered determinants of success into factors Operationally defined the factors Constructed the EQ-i Examined the factor structure, reliability, & validity Validated the EQ-i across cultures Extensively normed (>10,000) Continued validation
How Does the EQ-i Work? EQ 133 brief items answered on a 5-point scale from Not True of Me to True of Me 30 minutes to complete Standard scores based on 100 as the average, Standard Deviation of 15 Includes the following scales: Total EQ 5 EQ Composite Scales 15 EQ Content Scales 4 Validity Scales
BarOn/EQBarOn/EQ-i Factors
Intra-Personal Emotional SelfAwareness Assertiveness Self-Regard Self-Actualization Independence Inter-Personal Interpersonal Relationship Empathy Social Responsibility Adaptability Problem Solving Flexibility Reality Testing Stress Management Stress Tolerance Impulse Control General Mood Optimism Happiness
BarOn/EQBarOn/EQ-i
Sample Test Items: I have good relations with others Im fun to be with I like helping people
Rating Scale: 1 = Very Seldom or Not True of me 5 = Very Often True of Me or True of Me
Emotional Self-Awareness Subscale SelfItem 7. It's fairly easy for me to express feelings. 9. I'm in touch with my emotions. 23. It's hard for me to share my deep feelings with others 35. It's hard for me to understand the way I feel. 52. It's hard to express my intimate feelings. 63. I'm aware of the way I feel. 88. Even when upset, Im aware of what's happening to me. 116. It's hard for me to describe my feelings.
EQEQ-I Scoring
Standard Score Guideline Markedly High 130+ Atypically well developed emotional capacity 120-129 Very High Extremely well developed emotional capacity 110-119 High Well developed emotional capacity 90-109 Average Adequate emotional capacity 80-89 Low Under-developed emotional capacity 70-79 Very Low Extremely under-developed emotional capacity Under 70 Markedly Low Atypically impaired emotional capacity
Sample Sizes
- Over 10,000 used during R&D
Subgroup Representation
Subgroup Caucasian Hispanic Asian Black Other % of Sample 77% 3% 8% 7% 5%
Some of the Applications of the EQ-i EQ Recruiting high performers Retaining high performers Teambuilding Managing diversity Leadership development Coaching Performance management Risk management Self development Change management Merger integration & re-shaping culture Restructuring & realignment Stress management Career planning
EQ-i
MSCEIT
EQ-i
MSCEIT
EQ-I measures the non-intellective factors that impact emotionallyintelligent behavior as reported by the person.
CAREER ADVANCEMENT
CAREER DERAILMENT
Source: A scientific study of 100 university-educated bank employees using the Bar-On EQ-i conducted by Joseph Hee-Woo Jae, Ateneo Manila University, Philippines.
IQ is necessary but EQ allows the stars to rise to the top EQ and IQ are not highly correlated (about r = .1) estimated that 1% of the variance accounting for occupational success can be attributed to IQ EQ is estimated to account for 3 to 27% of occupational success