Evolution to 3G

Ashish Tayal DGM (TX-II) ALTTC Ghaziabad

2/6/2012 1

GSM Various subsystems

1. Network Subsystem includes the equipments and functions related to end-to-end call, management of subscribers, mobility and interface with the fixed PSTN. 2. Radio Subsystem includes the equipments and functions related to the management of the connections on the radio path including the management of handovers. Operations and Maintenance subsystem (OMS) includes the operation and maintenance of GSM equipment and supports the operator and network interface.

Network Architecture
OSS
HLR

B T S B T S

PSTN ISDN

BSC BSC

MSC VLR

Data Networks

B T S

Air interface

MSC VLR 3

GSM Network Structure

GSM Service Area PLMN Service Area MSC Service Area Location Area Cells

GSM PLMN Service Area

I MSC VLR

II MSC VLR

MSC

MSC GSM-PLMN III IV

VLR

GSM Radio Specifications - I GSM 900 Mhz

Mobile to Cell (UP-LINK) 890 to 915 MHz 935 to 960 MHz Cell to Mobile (DOWN -LINK) GSM 1800 Mhz Mobile to Cell (UP-LINK) Cell to Mobile (DOWN -LINK) -

1710 to 1785 MHz 1805 to 1880 MHz

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GSM Radio Specifications - II Frequency Bands

Mobile to Cell

890 to 915 MHz 935 to 960 MHz

(UP-LINK)

Cell to Mobile (DOWN -LINK) -

Channel Bandwidth Access Method Modulation

200 KHz - TDMA/FDMA GMSK

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GSM
3 TYPES OF CONTROL CHANNELS Broadcast control channel BCCH P- MP For Freq Correction For Syncronisation Common control channel CCCH For ACCESS Management

FCCH SCH BCCH PCH RACH AGCH

Dedicated control channel DCCH P- P

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For Registration, authentication & Handover

SDCCH SACCH 8 FACCH

Architecture For Mobile Originated Call

PLMN Radio I/F Signaling MS BSS-A A- I/F Signaling MSC-A Send Info for o/g call / ACK IAM ( ISUP )

VLR-A

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Architecture For Mobile Terminated Call

VISITING PLMN A- Interface IAM ( ISUP ) GMSC- B MSC-B BSS-B VLR-B Air Interface

MS HLR-B
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LOCATION UPDATION

ND Mobile moves to CA and Powers on MS

Update Location TAX CA GMSC MSC CA

Listens BCCH/FCCH

LU Accept

HLR Location Update ( TMSI, LAI ) LU Accept

ND MS

CA ND

Update Location LU Accept

VLR New VLR records subscriber data.

( New TMSI) 9810098111 VPLMN HLR HPLMN

LU Accept TAX ND Update Location

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( Update Location/ GMSC MSC/VLR Authentication ) LU Accept ND (Subs data) VLR ACK from De register old Mobile to MSC/VLR Old VLR

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2. ND PSTN Subscriber Dials CA Mobile Subscriber in CA.

TANDEM HLR MSISDN LE ND TAX ND MSISDN MSISDN GMSC MSC/VLR ND

CA MSISDN TAX CA SRI MSRN

HLR GMSC MSC/VLR CA

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CA Page(TMSI) PRN to MSC/VLR MS CA 9881098300

ACK from MSC/VLR 12 CA (MSRN)

3. ND PSTN Subscriber Dials ND Mobile Subscriber in CA.

HLR TAX CA CA MSRN Page(TMSI) HLR MSRN ND TAX ND GMSC MSC/VLR ND SRI MSRN PRN to MSC/VLR CA ACK from MSC/VLR CA (MSRN)
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MSRN

GMSC MSC/VLR CA

ND MS
9810098200

MSISDN MSISDN LE

MSISDN

TANDEM

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4. CA PSTN Subscriber Dials ND Mobile Subscriber in CA.

TANDEM HLR MSISDN LE CA TAX CA MSISDN GMSC MSC/VLR CA

9810098400

MSRN

MSISDN MSRN

Page(TMSI)

ND MS

ND

HLR TAX ND MSRN GMSC MSC/VLR ND SRI MSRN PRN to MSC/VLR CA ACK from MSC/VLR CA 14 (MSRN)

MSISDN

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3G Statistics ( As on 30

th

August 2005 )

159 commercial 3G operators in 71 countries. Over 187 million 3G subscribers reported worldwide. 736 different 3G wireless devices introduced commercially since inception of 3 G services. 134 3G CDMA devices launched by 27 vendors in last 12 months.

Action in wireless industry is 3G.

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3G Standard : The choice is CDMA

In 1999 ITU narrowed down on 5 technologies for IMT2000, 3 of which are based on CDMA technology.

These are namely CDMA 2000 1x, W-CDMA ( UMTS ) and TD-SCDMA.

CDMA is the technology of choice for 3G.

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Brief Outline
Wireless Generations What is IMT-2000 IMT-2000 : Key Features and objectives. Technologies for IMT-2000 GSM-Migration path 3G Deployment and Spectrum Issues

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Wireless Generations

1946- 1960s Appeared

1980s 1G Analog Multi Standard Terrestrial

1990s 2G Digital Multi Standard

2000s 3G Digital Unified Standard

Terrestrial Terr. & Sat

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Wireless Generations
1 G -analog (cellular revolution) - only mobile voice services 2 G - digital (breaking digital barrier) - mostly for voice services & data delivery
possible

3 G - Voice & data ( breaking data barrier) - Mainly for data services where voice sevices will also be possible Beyond 3G -Wide band OFDM ? - But surely higher data rates
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LIMITATIONS OF 2nd GENERATION SYSTEMS

No Global standards No common frequency band Low information bit rates Low voice quality No support of Video Various categories of systems to meet specific requirements

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THIRD GENERATION (3 G ) STANDARD

INTERNATIONAL MOBILE TELECOM 2000. ( IMT-2000)

IMT

FUTURE STANDARD IN WHICH A SINGLE

INEXPENSIVE MOBILE TERMINAL CAN TRUELY PROVIDE COMMUNICATIONS ANY TIME AND ANY WHERE.

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Key Requirements of 3G Services Improved system capacity. Backward compatibility with second generation ( 2G ) systems. Multimedia support. High speed Packet data services.
Data Rates up-to 2 Mbps for fixed or Indoor Environments. Data Rates up-to 384 kbps for pedestrian or urban Environments. Data Rates up-to 144 kbps for wide area mobile Environments.

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IMT-2000 VISION Common Spectrum Worldwide ( 1.8 2.2 GHz band ). Multiple Radio Environments ( Cellular,, cordless, satellite) ). Wide Range of Telecommunication Services ( Voice, Data, Multi-media, Internet ). Flexible Radio Bearer for Increased Spectrum Efficiency. Data Rates up-to 2 Mbps for Indoor Environment. Global Seamless Roaming. Enhanced Security Performance. Integration of Satellite and Terrestrial Systems.
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Evolution Path for GSM

IMT-2000
Capable Systems

3G GSM GPRS EDGE

Existing spectrum

New spectrum

2G 14.4 kbps 2/6/2012

evolved 2G 64115 kbps

3G 115384 kbps 0.3842 mbps 24

GSM Evolution
2G 2.5G 3G

GSM

GPRS

EDGE

UMTS

GSM GPRS 200 KHz carrier 200 KHz carrier 8 full-rate time slots 115 Kbps peak data rates 16 half-rate time slots

UMTS EDGE 5 MHz carrier 200 KHz carrier Data rates up to 384 Kbps 2 Mbps peak data rates New IMT-2000 2 GHz spectrum 8-PSK modulation Higher symbol rate

HSCSD HSCSD Circuit-switched data 64 Kbps peak data rates

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BSS Air Abis BSC Ater TC A

NSS

Ater TCSM

MSC

BTS

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GSM Architecture

NMS

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MSC MS BTS BSC

PSTN

SS7 Network
SGSN LIG PTMSC
GRPS IP Backbone Network

SMS-GMSC HLR/AuC

DNS EIR CG

GGSN FW
Inter-PLMN Backbone

BG FW
Operator B PLMN

Corporate Intranet

Internet

Corporate Intranet

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GPRS network

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Differences Between W-CDMA and cdma2000

3GPP W-CDMA Asynchronous 3.84 Mcps New equipment 5 MHz BW

3GPP2 cdma2000 Synchronous 1.2288 Mcps Upgrade existing 1.25 M Hz BW

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Benefits of W-CDMA (UMTS)

Higher voice capacity. 5 MHz bandwidth is more immune to fading. No accurate Base Station Synchronization Needed. Support for Hand off To and From GSM. Ability to send High Speed Data while Mobile or Fixed Internet, video, multimedia etc.

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RAN
RNC

CN

HLR

BS Iub Uu UE

Iu-cs
MGW

PSTN

Iu-ps A BS Iur Iu-cs

MGW MSC

GN

Internet
GGSN

Uu UE BS

Iub
RNC

Iu-ps
SGSN

NMS
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WCDMA Architecture

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Adding W-CDMA
Adding GPRS Data GSM Network
BTS BTS
New New Terminal Terminal BSC Upgrade New cell sites BTS BTS some (in some (in cases)
01010

New Terminal

New cell sites cases) W-CDMA

New New Software Software

01010

BTS

New Equipment & Software

BSC Upgrade

BSCBSC BSC Software 01010 Software 01010 Upgrade

Upgrade

New New Software Software 01010 New 0101 New 0 SGSN Equipment SGSN Equipment

3G SGSN

W-CDMA BSC

GPRS GPRS Backbone Backbone MSC

01010

3G Data Backbone
3G GGSN

MSC

New Software

Software Upgrade

New New 01010 GGSN modified router Software GGSN Modem Pool Modem Pool
0101 0

New Equipment New & Software

modified router

PSTN PSTN

IP BackboneIP Backbone WWW VPN Enterprise Network WWW VPN Enterprise Network

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TDMA (IS-41) CDPD

EDGE

GSM (MAP)

GPRS WCDMA (DS-CDMA FDD + TDD)

PDC PDC - P cdmaOne (IS - 41) CDMA 2000 1xEV-DV. (CDMA MC FDD)

CDMA 2000 1x

2G 1990->

2.5G 2001->
The mobile evolution

3G 2002->

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Migration Path
While a multiplicity of 2G standards have been developed and deployed, the ITU wanted to avoid a similar situation to develop for 3G. Hence, the ITU Radio communication Sector (ITU-R) has elaborated on a framework for a global set of 3G standards, which will facilitate global roaming by operating in a common core spectrum and providing migration path from all the major existing 2G technologies. The major 2G Radio access networks are based on either CDMA One or GSM technologies and different migration path is proposed for each of these technologies.
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EMERGING 3G TECHNOLOGIES

1. GSM EDGE.

2. WCDMA or CDMA 2000 1x EV-DO.

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CRITICAL ISSUES IN 3G DEPLOYMENT

1. SEAMLESS MIGRATION OF EXISTING NETWORK. 2. NATURE AND QUANTUM OF LICENSE FEE. 3. INTER OPERATABILITY OF EQUIPMENTS. 4. ALLOCATION OF SPECTRUM. 5. PRICING OF SPECTRUM.

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ISSUES FOR 3G DEPLOVMENT

1. A HIGH RISK BUSINESS, HUGE INVESTMENTS. 2. IT IS UNLIKE 2G WHERE MARKET FORECASTS WERE CERTAIN. 3. NO ROAD-MAP TO 3G EXISTS. 4. NO PROVEN BUISNESS MODEL EXISTS FOR 3G. 5. IS 2.5 G NOT ENOUGH.

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TRAIs Recommendations on Spectrum for 3G Services.

Salient Points :  3G not treated as a new service requiring new license but an extension of existing 2/2.5 G services.  In order to reach a target of 200m mobile subscribers by end of 2007, GSM and CDMA operators need more spectrum allocation.  Allocation of available spectrum in 800 MHz to be made available to CDMA operators immediately. Additional spectrum in 450 MHz band to be allocated as when demanded. 2/6/2012
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1900 MHz US-PCS band not to be allocated to CDMA operators as band is in use by Defense services. GSM operators to get available spectrum in 900 MHz 1800 MHz band. Spectrum in 900 and 1800 MHz band is to be vacated by defense services by no later than December 2006. In 900 MHz band only small spectrum of 2x 4.8 MHz is available. TRAI has recommended each operator 2x5 MHz slice in 2 G Hz band.
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Reactions to TRAIs Recommendations for 3G Spectrum Allocation

Recommendations focus on comparison and issues relating to just two specific mobile technologies GSM and CDMA.

Entry fee for 3G ?? First mover advantage to CDMA operators back door entry into 3G CDMA 2000 1X EV-DO. Drifting from current subscriber based spectrum allocation criterion for both GSM and CDMA operators, TRAI has suggested technology natural criterion for allocating spectrum. CDMA spectrally more efficient !!
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Future!

4th Generation ?? 3rd Generation GSM+EDGE GSM+GRPS GSM+VAS 2nd Generation (digital) 1st Generation (analogue) Evolution of mobile networks
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Questions ? Thank You !!

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