COMMERCIAL SURROGACY

2A1 Ye Jiadong 2A1 Daryl Wang 2A1 Lee Weimin 2A1 Zhang YiChi

 Commercial Surrogacy is a process whereby an individual or a couple pays a substantial amount to another women in exchange for her carrying and delivering a baby who would be later handed over to the individual or Employee This practice is rampant in many different parts of the world, most prominently, India.  In most cases, The sperm is from the male while the egg is from the surrogate herself. Also, different methods include: In-Vitro Fertilization and Artificial Insemination.  At birth, the baby is handed over to the Individual or Couple.  Commercial Surrogacy has been utilized by same-sex couples, with fertility problems, or Single Parents.  Often a Controversy in different nations.

Why do people become Surrogates?

 Especially in Third World Countries, the rural believe that surrogacy is almost the only way to make a life-changing move to transforming their lives and the lives of their families and children by making education and/or housing a viable option.

 In Countries such as the United States, some do it to help mend the broken heart of a childless couple or single person.

 Lastly, there are also some rare cases whereby Surrogates actually feel the love in this profession, the pleasure in pregnancy.

PROS OF COMMERCIAL SURROGACY

 A way for the Infertile, Same-sex and single parents to have genetic children.  Monetary Benefits for the Surrogate if this profession is her only source of Income  Contentment knowing that the Surrogate is helping the individual or Couple become parents.  The baby still has a biological connection to the couple since the male provided his own sperm.

CONS OF COMMERCIAL SURROGACY

 There is a potential emotional and psychological roller-coaster rides couples go through and would have to convince themselves that this is the right thing to do, assessing the situation and all this can take a toll in their lives.  The Surrogate mother would be dealing with a lengthy and medically invasive process.  There is also a feeling of attachment to the child for the Surrogate and thus, making it very hard for the mother to let go.  The pregnancy and giving birth process may be Potentially life threatening as various medical complications can arise.

   

The First Successful and recorded IVF Biochemical Case was recorded at Monash University in Australia in 1973. The First Successful IVF Conceived baby was born in 1978 in Manchester, England. An Indian Test-Tube baby was conceived in 1986 n Mumbai, India. Test8 Years later, the Worlds first Surrogate-borne baby was delivered in Chennai in 1994. SurrogateThe major controversy was in 1996, whereby the first surrogate mother rented her womb to support her sick husband-this prompted the acceptance of Commercial Surrogacy in husbandIndia. In 2003, the pioneer of todays Commercial Surrogacy, Dr Patel, set up her own surrogacy clinic to promote surrogacy. In 2005-Today, Commercial Surrogacy started spreading around the World, to South 2005Africa, to America and the industry is worth 400million then.

History of Surrogacy

WHAT AN INDIAN SURROGATE EARNS

 $1500 for pre-natal care  $1500 for emergencies  $7000 for surrogate fees  $2000 in insurance  $1200 for delivery  Total: $13200, However, in some cases, the charges can go up to $20000  Earnings if no complications arise: $9700

Law of Surrogacy in Various Countries

Countries which do not have any Surrogacy laws: Belgium, Greece, Ireland, Finland, India and most Undeveloped nations except for South Africa.

Countries where Surrogacy is only allowed for non-profit: Australia, Britain, Denmark, Israel, Spain, Canada, the Netherlands and some states in America.

Countries where Surrogacy is Legal: Most states of America, the Republic of South Africa, Russia, Georgia and Ukraine.

Countries which ban Surrogacy: Austria, Germany, Norway, Sweden, France, Singapore, Malaysia and some states of America.

Controversy
} Commercial Surrogacy is seen as an exploitation of human rights and motherhood and commodification when women are paid to be pregnant and deliver babies, especially when there is a huge social status difference.

} Some see Commercial Surrogacy as women making contracts about her body and is similar to contracting for employment/labor, prostitution or slavery.

} Some see it as an exploitation of motherhood. Is it socially, legally and morally upright to conceive of multiple modes of motherhood and/or the recognition of multiple mothers?

} Last but not least, it is seen as a Baby-Making Process whereby a Babys or a human life is in equal standing as a substantial sum of money.

 Around 500 to 600 surrogate babies are born throughout the world each year, with about 200 coming from India.  India s average surrogacy success rate is 37.9 percent attempts, about 38 babies are born. for every 100 surrogacy

 Surrgacy industry is worth US$445 million, with around 200 clinics documented across India offering surrogacy services.  Intended parents are charged around US$10000-$20,000 for the entire surrogacy process from initial consultation, the recruitment of the surrogate, her pregnancy, to the final delivery.

Viable ways besides Surrogacy

International Adoptions (This way, it not only improves Countries Diplomatic Relations by Adopting from another Country, it gives the orphans a chance to have a happy family.) Sperm or Egg banks (Collected from donors and can be used if the husband or the wife is infertile/Single Parents.) Test-Tube Babies through In Vitro Fertilization (For same-sex couples, Either the egg or the sperm is by a donor.) (Also can be used by Couples when the female has a overly small womb/Uterus) Sperm/Egg Washing (Can be used by the HIV positive people to conceive safety without risks of his/her child contracting the chronic disease. The men s sperm or Women s egg is washed first before being put to In-Vitro Fertilisation.

Our Own Opinions

0 The situation of commercial surrogacy will become even more complicated, as we believe that in the future, surrogacy will not only be used as a last resort but rather as an alternative for women who do not wish to have stretch marks or might not want to be pregnant because of their careers. We believe the business aspects of the reproduction industry are intriguing as well as frightening. With an absence of moral rules or ethics, the global economy is exploited to its full measure. Thus, with no existing legal barriers to overcome and lots of money to be made, the human reproduction industry is steaming ahead. A cold and distant business reality guided only by the principles of the free market dealing with the most sensitive of issues. Thus, we are trying through this project to provide a glimpse of what we believe is likely to become a major concern for humanity in the future. 0 Thus, we all feel that commercial surrogacy is a basic violation of a women s human rights and social status. Though the craving for a child, couples can always try various other ways. Commercial Surrogacy is detrimental to our society, to the health of the Surrogate, and further increases the risks of complications to develop. Having said this, the individual or couple cannot be held responsible if complications develop. Remember: A human s life is not worth even trillions of dollars. We do not want the world to become an interstate or international marketplace for Commercial Surrogacy!

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Surrogacy- A ray of hope for Childless couples from http://www.broowaha.com/articles/5138/surrogacy. What is Surrogacy from http://health.howstuffworks.com/pregnancy-and-parenting/pregnancy/fertility/surrogacy.htm and http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-commercial-surrogacy.htm and http://www.surrogacy-surrogate-mother.com/ History of Surrogacy from http://theindiansurrogate.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/surogacytimelineoptimized.jpg Wombs for Rent from http://www.marketplace.org/topics/life/wombs-rent-grows-india Pros and Cons of Surrogacy from http://www.modernmom.com/article/5-pros-and-cons-for-surrogacy and http://www.surrogacysurrogate-mother.com/pros-and-cons-of-surrogacy.html Viable methods to conceive from http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2009/09/13/10-weird-ways-to-have-a-baby.html and http://www.firstthings.com/onthesquare/2011/09/38-ways-to-make-a-baby The other side of Surrogacy from http://www.babble.com/pregnancy/my-pregnancy/gestational-surrogacy-how-to-be-a-surrogatemother/index2.aspx Controversy from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy Surrogacy Article from: http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/local/2007/12/21/SURROGATE.ART_ART_12-2107_A1_DH8RE7O.html Images taken from Google Images. Powerpoint created using Microsoft Office Powerpoint 2010.