The Propaganda Movement and the Philippine Revolution

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The Rise of the Ilustrado Class Rapid Decline of Spanish Rule in the Philippines The Propaganda Movement
Objectives of the Propaganda Movement Tools of the Propaganda Movement La Solidaridad Dasalan at Tuksuhan Why did the Propaganda Movement Fail? Spanish Sympathizers to the Propaganda Movement Prominent Propagandists

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The La Liga Filipina The Objectives of the La Liga Filipina Members of the La Liga Filipina Factions of the La Liga Filipina

They are from the middle class society. Most of which are the children of wealthy landowners. They were educated in the Spanish language and exposed to Spanish liberal and European nationalist ideals. They were composed of native-born intellectuals and cut across ethnolinguistic and racial line. They sought reform through a more equitable arrangement of both political and economic power under Spanish tutelage.

Church power was at a decline in Europe and friars began pouring more to the Philippines. This proved to be problematic as friars gained more power. More peninsulares began pouring into the colony and began occupying the various government positions traditionally held by the criollo or insulares.

The criollo or insulares, now almost disenfranchised from power, demanded representation in the Spanish Cortes where they could express their grievances. ` With the deportation of Criollos and Mestizos to the Mariana Islands and Europe after the 1872 Mutiny, it created a colony of Filipino expatriates in Europe, particularly in Madrid.
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Founded by Filipinos living and studying in Spain. At first, most of them simply wants to have an education in Spain in order to have a better profession upon their return to the Philippines. Later on, they start demanding Spain to institute reforms in the Philippines for it to progress and be introduced to liberal ideas.

The Propagandists in Spain

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Recognition of the Philippines as a province of Spain to be represented in the Spanish Cortes. Secularization of the clergy and parishes. Legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality such as guarantees of basic freedoms of speech and association, and equal opportunity for Filipinos and Spanish to enter government service. Creation of a public school system independent of the friars. Abolition of the polo y servicio and bandala. Recognition of human rights.

Literary works
Ninay (Pedro Paterno) Caiigat Cayo! (Marcelo del Pilar) Dasalan at Tuksuhan (Marcelo del Pilar) Fray Botod (Graciano Lopez Jaena) Noli me Tangere (Jose Rizal)

Visual Arts
Spoliarium Las Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho

Journalism
La Solidaridad

Liberal Society
Circulo Hispano-Filipino Indios Bravos

Spoliarium

Las Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho The Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace

A bi-weekly newspaper published in Barcelona between 1889 and 1895. It was headed by Galicano Apacible with Graciano LopezJaena as the first Editor-in-chief. Later on, Marcelo H. Del Pilar will replace Jaena as the editorin-chief. In 1895, the La Solidaridad had begun to run out of funds without accomplishing concrete changes in the Philippines.

This dark satire was about an Augustinian named Fray Botod botod means fat belly. His depraved behaviors include having immoral relationships with young girls called candingcanding, neglecting his duties as a parish priest in favor of gambling, conducting his business unfairly, voracious appetite in food and barbarous punishments. This friar stereotype later became the symbol of the Spanish regime in the Philippines.

In the morning one big cup of thick chocolate with three or four pieces of rice cakes. At lunch and dinner he gobbles his food rather than eats; he drinks a lot of thick Aragon wine, ten dishes every meal and fifteen with the dessert. Abundant food even without condiments. He likes very much mustard, pepper, ginger, and hot red pepper. Much excitant food. Afterwards he indulges in the beautiful fantasies of the hours of Mohammed's heaven. Because Fr. Botod is a Christian in due form and at bottom, in his intimate life he is a Mohammedan.

Barbarously. Because an Indio failed to work in his estate for three days, he deprived him of his wages and administered fifty strokes on the bare buttocks of the unfortunate laborer. Consider this: Hey, man, why haven't you reported for work for three days? My wife was sick, sir.

Hey, boy! Sir? The bench and the whip. Ala, ala! Get down flat. Sir, sir, my wife was sick. That's a lie. Ala, get down!

The poor devil gets down face downward on the bench, Fr. Botod himself removing his trousers and shorts, so that his buttocks were exposed and tying his feet and head to the bench. And you, sacristan, get the whip and give him fifty lashes. I remind you that the whip has three lashes, so that not fifty strokes but one hundred fifty were applied. What brutality! Enough sir, enough sir; ary! ary! ary! How painful sir, enough sir! enough! Keep quiet, brute, beast! Boy, bring red pepper and vinegar.

Over the bruised parts caused by the lashes on the buttocks of the unfortunate fellow, the inhuman friar pours the vinegar and rub on them the hot pepper, thus causing the unlucky fellow to see stars in the sky. Pity, pity, sir! Enough, enough, Father! Ary! Ary! Ary! The hapless fellow rolled about in pain, struggling in vain to untie himself. After this inhuman treatment, the sacristan resumed the lashing until completing the sentence of fifty.

A satire written in simple Tagalog by Marcelo H. del Pilar. ` The pamphlet is about the abuses that Philippine natives were suffering at the hands of the Spanish friars. ` The satire were in the forms of basic Catholic prayers which convincingly sound and looks like an ordinary prayer.
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Ang tanda ang cara-e-cruz mo sa aming Panginoon naming Frayle sa manga ama namin, sa ngalan nang cara-e-cruz at sa mga frayle nang Espiritu santo sya naua.

Amain naming sumasakumbento ka, sumpain ang ngalan mo, malayo sa amin ang kasakiman mo, kitlin ang leeg mo dito sa lupa para nang sa langit. Saulan mo kami ngayon nang aming kaning iyon inaraw-araw at patawanin mo kami sa iyong pag-ungal para nang pag papatawa mo kung kami nakukuwaltahan; at huwag mo kaming ipahintulot sa iyong manunukso at iadya mo kami sa masama mong dila.

Aba ginoong Barya nakapupuno ka nang alkansya ang Fraile y sumasainyo bukod ka niyang pinagpala t pina higit sa lahat, pinagpala naman ang kaban mong mapasok. Santa Barya Ina nang Deretsos, ipanalangin mo kaming huwag anitan ngayon at kami ipapatay. Siya naua

Ang mga utos nang Prayle ay sampu: Ang nauna: Sambahin mo ang Prayle na lalo sa lahat. Ang ikalaua: Huwag kang magpapahamak o manumba ng ngalang deretsos. Ang ikatlo: Manalangin ka sa Prayle Linggo man at piyesta. Ang ikapat: Isanla mo ang katauhan mo sa pagpapalibing sa ama't ina, Ang ikalima: Huwag kang mamamatay kung wala pang salaping panlibing.

Ang ikanim: Huwag kang makiapid sa kanyang asawa. Ang ikapito: Huwag kang makinakaw. Ang ikaualo: Huwag mo silang pagbibintangan, kahit ka masinungalingan. Ang ikasiyam: Huwag mong ipagkait ang iyong asawa. Ang ikapulo: Huwag mong itangi ang iyong ari. Itong sampong utos ng Prayle'y dalawa ang kinauuwian. Ang isa: Sambahin mo ang Prayle lalo sa lahat. Ang ikalawa: Ihain mo naman sa kaniya ang puri mo't kayamanan. Siya nawa.

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The propagandists were arguing due to their personal interests. The Filipinos in Spain indulged themselves to drinking, gambling and womanizing at angered many propagandists such as Rizal, del Pilar etc. The lack of sympathy and actions from the Spanish authorities in hearing their grievances. The influence of the Roman Catholic Church is too much.

Segismundo Moret

Miguel Morayta Francisco Pi y Margall

Juan and Antonio Luna

Graciano Lopez Jaena

Marcelo H. del Pilar

Jose Maria Panganiban

Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo

Maximo Viola Valentin Ventura

Mariano Ponce

Pedro Paterno

Trinidad Pardo de Tavera

Jos Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda

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Founded by Jose Rizal on July 3, 1892 at the house of Doroteo Ongjunco at Ilaya Street, Tondo. The officers of the La Liga Filipina:
y y y y Ambrosio Salvador President Agustin de la Rosa Fiscal Bonifacio Arevalo Treasurer Deodato Arellano Secretary

July 7, 1892
y Rizal was arrested and deported to Dapitan, Zamboanga. y The La Liga Filipina was disbanded and formed two factions.

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To unite the entire Philippine archipelago. To give necessary protection to those who are in need. To fight social injustices and abuses. To have access to education, agriculture, and commerce. To institute possible reforms in the Philippines.

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Ambrosio Salvador Agustin de la Rosa Bonifacio Arevalo Deodato Arellano Domingo Franco Jose Ramos Ambrosio Flores Teodoro Plata Moises Salvador Luis Villareal Faustino Villarruel Numeriano Adriano Estanilao Legaspi Juan Zulueta Mariano Crisostomo Timoteo Paez Pedro Serrano Laktaw Apolinario Mabini Andres Bonifacio

Cuerpo de Compromisarios
They will send fundings for the continuation of the La Solidaridad in Madrid.

Katipunan
Based upon the ideas of Marcelo H. Del Pilar. Andres Bonifacio, Ladislao Diwa, Deodato Arellano, Teodoro Plata, and Valentin Diaz were the founding members. Rizal was made an honorary president.

Insurrection is the last remedy, especially when the people have acquired the belief that peaceful means to secure the remedies for evils prove futile.

Marcelo H. del Pilar, from Madrid, in July 1892, advised the creation of another association, which was to be similar thereto, but which was to include the agricultural laborers and persons of little or no education and instruction but who, directed in the localities by the caciques and chiefs, were to form an enormous nucleus which should, at the proper time, give forth the cry of rebellion. He (Pilar) provided minute instructions concerning the organization and forwarded a project of regulations. Deodato Arellano (brother-in-law of Marcelo), Andres Bonifacio, Ladislao Diwa and Teodoro Plata were those commissioned to carry into practise the project of Pilar, they discussed the regulations and added to them making them still more terrifying, agreeing that they should all immediately do all the preparatory works, and they were not interrupted till the conspiracy was discovered on the 19th of August of this year (1896). Both the said organizers and the others who composed the first Supreme Council, belonged to the Liga Filipina. -Francis. Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan Nang Manga Anac Nang Bayan. Manila, Philippines: 1902.