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What is artificial sun? Nuclear fusion Working of thermonuclear fusion reaction Plasma heating Magnetic field Application Reef conclution

What is artificial sun?

Artificial sunlight is a power generating thermo nuclear fusion reactor. Artifical sun is nothing but,the worlds first complete experimental advanced superconducting Tokomak(EAST) nuclear fusion device .

Nuclear fusion &Reason for selecting D-T

fusion is a process in which two or more lighter nuclei combined to form heavier nucleus . D-T reaction is the fastest thermonuclear process known and produces 80% of its energy in the form of 14.1 Mev neutrons which simply escape from the plasma region

Working of thermonuclear fusion reaction

Fusion between the atoms is apposed by their shared electrical charge, specifically the net positive charge of the nuclei The neutron flux expected in a commercial D-T fusion reactor is about 100 times that of current fission power reactors, posing problems for material design . Design of suitable material is underway but their actual use in a reactor is not proposed until the generation after ITER .

If nuclear fusion becomes a practical source of energy , it will undoubtedly be first by way of the D-T reaction at a later stage however, fusion involving deuterium nuclei only, which is more difficult to attain, may become important. The net result is the liberataion of 66 million KW-hr of energy for kilogram of deuterium. The great advantage of D-D fusion would be that it would not be necessary to supply tritium as is involved is produced in one of the D-D reactions. The basic raw materials for the D-T reaction are water for deuterium and lithium minerals (for tritium). All natural waters contain a small proportion of HDO molecules in which deuterium(D) as replaced one hydrogen (H) atom in a ordinary water(H2O). Although there is only deuterium atom for every 6500 ordinary hydrogen atoms, the amount of water is so large that more than 10 trillion(i.e.1013) tons of deuterium are present on earth.

The essential requirements are attainment of a temperature of about 100 million degree celcius in a D-T plasma and a confinement parameter and exceeding the 3*1014 sec/cm^3 necessary for energy break even and ignition. If these conditions can be realized, a fusion reactor can be operated.

Plasma heating

Deuterium ions are generarated from deuterium gas by an electrical discharge in n ion source; the ions are then accelerated by a high voltage .

In the plasma, electrons are rapidly removed from the atoms to form high energy ions which are trapped by the magnetic field and cannot escape, the high energy ions then transfer part of their energy to the plasma particles in repeated collisions, there by increasing the plasma temperature. An ion temperature of 75 million degre celcius was reached in a deuterium plasma in 1978 by neural beam injection, and it is expected that temperatures of 100million deg celcius will be attainable.

Magnetic field

An electric current is always associated with magnetic field such that the field lines (or lines of force) are perpendicular to the direction of current flow .

Magnetic fields can be generated within a torus in two general ways. In one case an electric current is passed through a number of rings (or coils) surrounding the torus. The associated magnetic field called a toroidal field.

. Alternatively, the current may be made to flow through the plasma tie lines of the resulting magnetic field ,called a poloidal field , encircle the plasma in the polar direction

Applications

"Full-spectrum" is not a technical term when applied to an electrical

light bulb but rather a marketing term implying that the product emulates natural light While these lights can provide a better spectrum than traditional ones, they often use more electricity and have a high heat output.

2.Aquarium lighting :describes any type of light that is used to illuminate an aquarium tank or in some instances, such as with reef aquariums, support the life contained within. Freshwater:

Freshwater aquarium lighting often comes in two forms; one is a screw-in style incandescent bulb and the other is normal output fluorescent lighting. Screw-in compact fluorescent lighting is also used in freshwater aquaria since it provides brighter light output than traditional screw-in style bulbs.

Reef
Reef keepers often opt for light of varying spectrum. Since many corals require a deep blue or actinic spectrum of light to thrive many aquarists must supplement traditional white light with light of this color. reef keepers is T5 High Output fluorescent bulbs. These bulbs are thinner than traditional T8 bulbs and provide a much brighter, more powerful light. These high output lights closely recreate the shimmering effect of bright tropical sun over a patch of coral reef. Metal halide bulbs come in a variety of spectra from 5000k on up to 20,000k and allow for a variety of light hungry corals to survive under them.

conclution

In a most profound sense, mankinds quality of life depends on an acceptable response to the continually rising demand for energy, to be able to satisfy our future needs. some of which represent distinct advantage over the other major energy sources.

References

1.SUN DAMAGE and PREVENTION.Electronic text book of dermatology.The internet dermatology society. Retrieved 2008.

2.Light impacts . science news. Retrieved 2008. 3.Solar simulation systems. Photo emission tech. retrieved 2008.

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