Agenda

Week 5

Review Homework

Week 6 Assignment

Problems: Ch 2: 3, 7, 12 Chapter 3: Problem Solving

Lecture/discussion

PDSA
Deming Text-10 Point Method Florida Power and Light Xerox HP

Homework Problems Ch 3: 2, 4 Desksides: 7 QC Tools Flow chart Pareto chart Histogram Cause and Effect Diagram Check sheet Scatter diagram Control chart Management tools Why-why Force field analysis Brainstorming*

Quality Improvement: Problem Solving

Quality Improvement: Problem Solving

Chapter Three

Quality Improvement: Problem Solving

What is QC Problem Solving?



Problem solving, the isolation and analysis of a problem and the development of a permanent solution, is an integral part of the qualityimprovement process.

Not hit or miss, but objective and systematic Not directed at symptoms, but rather at root causes
Quality Improvement: Problem Solving

Problem Solving Process

Symptom Recognition Fact Finding Problem Identification Idea Generation Solution Development Plan Implementation
Quality Improvement: Problem Solving

Follow Up

All Managers Need Problem Solving Skills



80% of problems are external to QC organizations Quality problems transcend individual functions Companies need multi-discipline problem solving approach Management involvement and commitment is crucial
Source: Feigenbaum, Total Quality Control, 1991, p. 151.

Quality Improvement: Problem Solving

Problem Solving Skills for Managers



 

Understand and utilize a systematic problem solving process Ask the right questions Present information clearly and unambiguously Make judgments based on information

PDSA Cycle

Seven QC Tools

Quality Improvement: Problem Solving

10 Problem Solving Steps

Recognize Problem

ACT

PLAN

STUDY

DO

Quality Improvement: Problem Solving

Gap Analysis
Internal or External Supplier Internal or External Customer
Requirements and Expectations

Input

Process A

Output

Quality Characteristics

Are there any gaps?

Quality Improvement: Problem Solving

10 Problem Solving Steps

Continuous improvement Ensure performance

ACT

Evaluate Solution

STUDY DO
Implement Solution

Recognize Problem Form quality improvement teams Define Problem Analyze PLAN Problem Determine Possible Causes Identify Possible Solutions

Quality Improvement: Problem Solving

Florida Power & Lights 7 step model

    

 

Identify a problem area Identify the problems component parts Search data for root causes Identify and select countermeasures Confirm the problem responds to the correction Assure non-recurrence Decide what will be done with future problems - evaluate team effectiveness
Quality Improvement: Problem Solving

FPLs PDCA cycle

Execute cycle again Improvement standardized Improvement becomes current best approach Improvement ACT projects identified Understand differences Analyze and STUDY display data Review problems/errors What was learned? What is still not working?
Quality Improvement: Problem Solving

Involve the right people Gather all available data Understand customers needs Thoroughly study the process PLAN Capable of meeting needs? Develop plan Train people

DO

Implement the improvement Collect appropriate data

Xerox Problem Solving Process

Quality Improvement: Problem Solving

Process Analysis Method

UNDERSTAND SELECT ANALYZE

ADOPT CHECK

PLAN DO

Quality Improvement: Problem Solving

Why do we need the 7 QC tools?



TQM is data driven: data are impersonal; opinions are not. Experience is gained quickest by collecting and analyzing data. The 7 QC tools provide common methods of analysis to help problem solving teams operate effectively.

Quality Improvement: Problem Solving

PDSA and QC Tools

Brainstorming Pareto analysis

ACT
Run charts Control charts Histograms Check sheets

PLAN

Why-Why diagram

STUDY

DO

Cause and effect diagram Scatter diagrams Control charts

Scatter diagrams Pareto charts

Check sheets Run charts

Quality Improvement: Problem Solving

Brainstorming


Purpose - generate a list of

problems opportunities ideas no criticism no arguing no negativism no evaluation

Success requires

Quality Improvement: Problem Solving

Problems for Why-Why discussion Why

What are the root causes?

Construct a Whywhy diagram

787s not being delivered on time Utility outages too frequent Fast food outlet profits falling

List problem statement Ask why 5 times; record responses

Quality Improvement: Problem Solving