CNC turning adalah bermula dengan penghasilan mesin larik.

Menggunakan mesin larik untuk kerja-kerja melarik,menggerek, mengerudi, membuat benang skru dan sebagainya.

NC

Numerical Control 1950 - 1975

CNC FFS CAD CAD / CAM CIM

Computer Numerical Control with integrated computer 1970 FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM 1990

Computer Aided Design / Drawing 1958

Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided Manufacturing 1975 Computer integrated manufacturing with planning, design and manufacturing 1989

Program ini mula dibangunkan pada awal tahun 1970 selepas program DNC yang sangat popular sebelum program ini. Keperluan system kawalan ini ialah memudahkan penyuntingan aturcara,menyediakan analisis diogrisis,mengawal pembuatan,menambah kawalan sesuatu perkakas secara ekonomi,dan kos bagi program ini adalah murah.

Mesin CNC vs Konvensional

PLPG JPTK FKIP UNS

Bahagian-bahagian Mesin CNC Lathe

Controller Chuck /Cekam Lampu

Motor Utama Eretan memanjang Paksi- Z

Rumah Alat/ Tool turret Eretan melintang /paksi- X

PLPG JPTK FKIP UNS

MAKINO (JAPAN)

NAKAMURA TOME SC-150M (JAPAN)

HAAS HSI-RP: 2 Pallet Horizontal Machining Center

CNC MAZAK (JAPAN)

PEMBUANGAN TATAL @ PENYEJUK

(PAPAN KAWALAN)

BAHAGIAN CONTROL PANEL

G) EMERGENCY STOP A) POWER OFF

B) POWER ON

C) CYCLE START

F) PANEL HAND WHEEL E) FEED RATE CONTROL

D) FEED HOLD

ENDMILL KARBIDA CENTER DRILL

GAMBARAJAH MATA ALAT JENIS CARBIDA

CNC PROGRAMMING

Part program is a set of instructions which instructs the machine tool about the processing steps to be performed for the manufacture of a component. Part programming is the procedure by which the sequence of processing steps and other related data, to be performed on the CNC machine is planned and documented.

N-Word (Sequence Number) : The first word in every block is the sequence number. The sequence number is used to identify the block. The sequence number is preceded by word N and is written as N001, N005, etc.

G00 rapid motion G01 line interpolation motion G02 CW interpolation motion G03 CCW interpolation motion G04 Dwell G09 exact stop G10 set offset G17 XY plane G18 ZX plane G19 YZ plane G20 select inches G21 select metric G28 return to reference point G29 return from reference point G81 drill cycle G82 counter bore cycle G83 deep hole drilling cycle G90 absolute position G91 INCREAMENTAL position G99 rapid to retract plane

MENGGUNAKAN PERKAKASAN EXSL - WIN

:0300; N10 G97 G96 S2000 T0101 M3; N20 G00 X52 Z2; N30 G71 U0.3 R2; N40 G71 P50 Q110 U0.1 W0.1 F0.1; N50 G01 X20; N55 G01 Z0; N60 G01 X20 Z-15; N70 G02 X30 Z-20 R5; N80 G01 X40 Z-30; N90 G01 X40 Z-40; N100 G03 X50 Z-45 R5; N110 G01 X50 Z-70; N120 G70 P50 Q110 T0202 F0.1; N130 G28 U0 W0; M05; M30;

Turning Center Coordinate System

Z is the length of the X is the

part.

diameter of the part.

The partially shaded circle represents the origin. The programmer chooses the location of the origin on the part, usually the back, center or front, center. We will always use the back, center since it simplifies machine set-up. Program to move the work.

the tool, not

Suppose we want to move from the origin through points A, B, C, D, and E. We can move: incrementally distance from previous point, or absolutely new distance from the origin

Incremental vs. Absolute Programming

Incremental Absolute
Point
E

Z 0

X 0

Z 0 1 3 3 5 6

X 0 1 1 2 2 6

Origin

C
A B

A B C D E

1 1 2 0 0 1 2 0 1 4

Sistem kod M mengawal keseluruhan mesin, menyebabkan ia berhenti,bermula, memasang pendingin (coolant), dan sebagainya. Alatan mesin yang berbeza boleh menggunakan kod yang sama untuk melaksanakan fungsi yang berbeza, walaupun mesin yang mengunakan pengawal CNC yang sama. Contoh arahan menggunakan kod M:  Arahan membuka pelincir  Arahan pergerakan pusingan ikut jam atau lawan jam bagi alat pemotong

M00 M01 M02 M03 M04 M05 M06 M08 M09 M10 M11 M30

program stop optional program stop program end spindle on clockwise spindle on counter clockwise spindle stop tool change coolant on coolant off clamps on clamps off end of program, reset to start

G-code adalah nama yang digunakan bagi bahasa pengaturcaraan yang mengawal mesin dan memberitahu peralatan mesin jenis kerja yang perlu dilakukan, contohnya :
 Pergerakan yang cepat  Satu siri pergerakan suapan  Mengawal pergerakan suapan dalam garis

lurus atau lengkungan

Common Fanuc G Codes Code G00 G01 G02 G03 G20 G21 G28 Description Rentasan deras (titik ke titik) Suapan dalam gerakan lelurus Penentu dalaman membulat bagi lengkok ikut jam Penentu dalaman membulat bagi lengkok lawan jam Pemprograman dalam inci Pemprograman dalam inci Kembali kepada kedudukan asal

M00 programmed stop M01 optional stop M02 program end M30 program end with resetting M03 activate spindle in clockwise rotation M04 activate spindel in counter - clockwise rotation M05 deactivate spindle M08 activate coolant M09 deactivate coolant M48 activate feedrate override dial M49 cancel feedrate override dial M41 select lower spindle speed range M42 select higher spindle speed range

X a b c d e f g 0 40 40 80 80 110 110

Z 0 0 -40 -40 -90 -90 -140

N N10 N20 N30 N40 N50 N60

G G00 G01 G01 G01 G01 G01

X 50 50 75 100 100 101

Z 1 -25 -25 -75 -100 -100

N
N10 N20 N30 N40 N50 N60 N70 N80 N90

G
G00 G01 G01 G01 G01 G01 G01 G01 G01

X
25

Z
1

25 -12.5 37.5 -25 50 50 75 75 100 100 101 -25 -50 -62.5 -75 -87.5 -100 -100

N100 G01

N N10 N20 N30 N40 N50 N60 N70 N80 N90

X 25 25 50 50 75 75

Z 1 -25 37.5 -50 62.5 -75 87.5

N10 G00 N20 G01 N30 G02 N40 G01 N50 G02 N60 G01

25

25

N70 G03 100

-12.5

N80 G01 100 -100 N90 G01 101 -100

Planning and Programming To program a CNC machine tool to create a part, you must follow a series of steps to be successful:

1. Examine the part drawing throughly and get a rough idea of how you want to proceed.

2. Figure out how to hold the raw material so you can perform as much machining as possible in one setup.

3.Decide what cutters are necessary to perform the various operations.

4.Write down the exact sequence of operations necessary to machine the part, one cutter at a time.

5. Convert your sequence of operations into a program and simulate the program if possible

Most machines only allow one M code per block. The tool code (T) is four digits the first two for the tool number, the second two for the offset number. They are usually the same. (exp: T0101 / T0202) All alpha characters must be in uppercase

1. Install all cutters in the proper holders. 2. Install the fixture or chuck on the machine and establish the WCS (Work Coordinate System) 3. Set the cutter offsets. 4. Simulate the program on the machine. 5. Slow rapid traverse down as low as possible. 6. Initiate the single step cycle with your hand on the E-stop button at all times. 7. Carefully watch the operations, press the feed hold button to take notes for any corrections. 8. Install a part and go to step 5.

Lakarkan gambarajah projek anda menggunakan software CAD atau kaedah insani. Ukuran maksima untuk projek
 Panjang tidak lebih 100 mm  Diameter tidak lebih 30mm

Buat program secara insani menggunakan G code dan M code berdasarkan rekabentuk yang dilakarkan.

:0029;(BISHOP) N10 G97 S2000 M03 T0101; N20 G00 X40 Z1; intro N30 G71 U1 R2; N40 G71 P50 Q209 U0.5 W0.5 F1; N50 G01 X0 Z0; N60 G03 X2 Z-1 R2; N150 G03 X10 Z-7.5 R8.5; N160 G01 X9 Z-9; N170 G03 X10 Z-11 R2; N180 G01 X9 Z-15; N190 G01 X9 Z-18 body N200 G01 X13 Z-36 N201 G01 X15 Z-36.5; N202 G01 X15 Z-37; N203 G02 X17 Z-38 R1; N204 G03 X21 Z-40 R2; N205 G01 X21 Z-43;

N206 G03 X23 Z-45 R2; N207 G02 X25 Z-47 R2; N208 G01 X25 Z-50; N209 G01 X25 Z-55; N210 G70 P50 Q 209 T0101 F0.5; N211 G28 U0 W0; N212 M05; N213 M30;
Length : 100mm Diameter: 25mm

closing