Chapter 8: Covalent Bonding

Resources: Chapter 8 of our TB and unit 6 of workbook Ch. 8 reading and study guide (in part) Powerpoint used in class Lab practical: Molecular models Handouts: practice problems and naming of covalent/molecular compounds Animations and simulation

Simulations and animations: Ionic and covalent bonding animation: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qqj cCvzWwww Animation and song: what kinds of bonds are these: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oN BzyM6TcK8 Mark Rosengarten video tutorials on polarity of molecules: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mt RgeBSe1o8&feature=related glencoe animations and interactive lesson: http://glencoe.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0078807239/student_vie w0/chapter9/concepts_in_motion.html #
Animation: Ionic compounds versus nonpolar and polar molecules Properties of ionic and covalent compounds:

8.1

Molecular Compounds > Molecules and Molecular Compounds

In nature, matter takes many forms. The noble gases, including helium and neon, are monatomic. That means they exist as single atoms.

Represented by symbols: He, Ne, etc) the noble gases are not molecules

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8.1

Molecular Compounds > Molecules and Molecular Compounds

A molecule is a neutral group of atoms joined together by covalent bonds. Air contains oxygen molecules. A diatomic molecule is a molecule consisting of two atoms. An oxygen molecule is a diatomic molecule.

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8.1

Molecular Compounds > Molecules and Molecular Compounds

Some elements do exist as diatomic molecules. Hydrogen H2 (g) Oxygen O2 (g) Fluorine F2 (g) Bromine Br2 (l) Iodine I2 (s) Nitrogen N2 (g) Chlorine Cl2 (g)
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8.1

Molecular Compounds > Molecules and Molecular Compounds

Pneumonic device to remember those elements that exist in nature as diatomic molecules.? (HOFBrINCl) (write out symbols, add 2 as a subscript)

H O F Br I N Cl H2 O2 F2 Br2 I2 N2 Cl2 (note these are molecules but they are not compounds)
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8.1

Molecular Compounds > Molecules and Molecular Compounds

A compound composed of molecules is called a molecular compound. Water and carbon monoxide are molecular compounds.

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8.1

Molecular Compounds > Molecular Formulas

Formulas of Some Molecular Compounds

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8.1

Molecular Compounds > Molecules and Molecular Compounds

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8.1

Molecular Compounds > Molecular Formulas

A molecular formula is the chemical formula of a molecular compound. A molecular formula shows how many atoms of each element a molecule contains.

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8.1

Molecular Compounds > Molecular Formulas

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8.1

Molecular Compounds > Molecules and Molecular Changes

Ethane, a component of natural gas, is also a molecular compound.

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Chapter 8: Covalent Bonding

Types of Bonding ? (review)

Metallic Bonding (ch 7)

Sea of electrons model used to explain bonding in metals Kernel & delocalized mobile valence electrons

BONDING

Metallic Bonding (ch 7)

Electrostatic attraction of negatively and positively charged ions Can be formed as a result of the transfer of electrons between metal and nonmetal atoms to form cations and anions

BONDING

Ionic Bonding (ch 7)

Metallic Bonding (ch 7)

BONDING

Ionic Bonding (ch 7)

Covalent Bonding (ch 8)

Electrons are shared between atoms Covalent bonds may be nonpolar (equal sharing of electrons) or polar (unequal sharing of electrons )

Metallic Bonding (ch 7)

Sea of electrons model used to explain bonding in metals Kernel & delocalized mobile valence electrons

Types of Bonding

Ionic Bonding (ch 7)

Electrostatic attraction of negatively and positively charged ions Can be formed as a result of the transfer of electrons between metal and nonmetal atoms to form cations and anions

Covalent Bonding (ch 8)

Electrons are shared between atoms Covalent bonds may be nonpolar (equal sharing of electrons) or polar (unequal sharing of electrons )

Metallic Bonding (ch 7)

Sea of electrons model used to explain bonding in metals Kernel & delocalized mobile valence electrons

Bonding in: Na ? NaCl ? H2 or Cl2 ? HCl ? H2O ?

Ionic Bonding (ch 7)

Electrostatic attraction of negatively and positively charged ions Can be formed as a result of the transfer of electrons between metal and nonmetal atoms to form cations and anions

Covalent Bonding (ch 8)

Electrons are shared between atoms Covalent bonds may be nonpolar covalent (equal sharing of electrons) or polar covalent (unequal sharing of electrons )

8.1

Molecular Compounds > Molecules and Molecular Compounds

Molecules and Molecular Compounds

How are the melting points and boiling points of molecular compounds different from those of ionic compounds?

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8.1

Molecular Compounds > Molecules and Molecular Changes

Molecular compounds tend to have relatively lower melting and boiling points than ionic compounds.

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Practice properties of ionic and covalent compounds

Go to interactive table on Glencoe site: Physical Properties of ionic and covalent compounds
http://glencoe.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0078807239/student_view0/chapter9/concepts_in_motion. html#

8.1 Section Quiz.

Assess students understanding of the concepts in Section 8.1.

Continue to:

-or-

Launch:

Section Quiz

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8.1 Section Quiz. 1. Compared to ionic compounds, molecular compounds tend to have relatively a. low melting points and high boiling points. b. low melting points and low boiling points. c. high melting points and high boiling points. d. high melting points and low boiling points.

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8.1 Section Quiz 2. A molecular compound usually consists of a. two metal atoms and a nonmetal atom. b. two nonmetal atoms and a metal atom. c. two or more metal atoms. d. two or more nonmetal atoms.

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8.1 Section Quiz 3. A molecular formula shows a. how many atoms of each element a molecule contains. b. a molecule's structure. c. which atoms are bonded together. d. how atoms are arranged in space.

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