Eco Industrial Park

A Case of Tirupur Industrial Cluster

SUBMITTED TO:DR. ANIL KR. ROY

SUBMITTED BY:BHRINGARAJ HAZARIKA (AP 0210) MOUMITA SHAW (AP 0610) POUSHANI BHATTACHARYA (AP 0810)

Structure Of The Presentation

INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION OF ECO INDUSTRIAL PARK STRATEGIES FOR DESIGNING EIP

BACROUND OF THE STUDY AREA

INTRODUCTION AND LOCATION EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE HISTORY GROWTH

TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESSES

IMPACTS

CONCLUSION

ECO INDUSTRIAL PARK

Concept

The idea of Eco-Industrial Parks has been first described during a presentation at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), Rio de Janeiro 1992. The concept of Eco-Industrial Parks tries to mirror the inter-linkages and material / substance flows observed between organisms in natural ecosystems. The main differences between Eco-Industrial Parks and normal industrial parks are:  Enhanced co-operation / exchange between companies, park management and local / regional decision makers .  These actors common striving towards a vision of industrial activities which are of utmost sustainability in terms of economic, ecological and social aspects. STRATEGIES FOR DESIGNING ECO INDUSTRIAL PARK INTEGRATION INTO In Emphasize pollution to conserveespecially with Minimize local environmentalthrough resources to Several energystrategies impacts facilityexisting integrating Maximize basic standard parkare efficiency service, recruitment, New construction or prevention,fundamental and NATURAL addition water flows rehabilitationbyof design Design to SYSTEMS andreducefollows functions, park management maintenance EIP or industrial cascading the rehabilitation, best environmental practices in developing the local landscape, energy similar to EIP into an or toxic substances co-generation hydrologic setting, buildings pollution through strategies ecosystem. CONSTRUCTIO Individually, eachmix ofre-use and materials.toThese Maintains the andthose selection and value; andneeded best ecosystems; other maximum building technology. Ensure means. adds companies recycling of ENERGY N/ materials described for energy together they form a SYSTEMS REHAILITATIO use recycling or reuse of whole eachamong EIP businesses. as companies materials than the sum of its parts. includegreater others by-products materials and N change. higher Minimize contributions lifecyclethrough integrated environmental Reduce toxic of efficiency through inter-plant Achieve consideration materialsto global environmental risks ECO site-level waste treatment.emissions. Supports of improvement technologies. in environmental impacts, i. flows. energy e. materials gas INDUSTRIAL implications greenhouseand PARK performance to companies companies and the Use the EIP for individual in the Link renewable sources extensively. surrounding MATERIALS park as a consumers and generators of usable EFFECTIVE EIP FLOW AND region aswhole. MANAGEMEN WASTE by-products site-wide information system that Operates a via resource exchanges and T MANAGEMEN T supports inter-company communications, recycling networks. informs members of local environmental WATER conditions, and provides feedback on EIP performance.

INTRODUCTION AND LOCATION

Study Area Background

Tirupur is is spread over 27.20 sq. kms and is situated at the banks of Noyyal River. Its location as a centre of other cities like Erode, Coimbatore makes it easier to get cotton and other stuffs for the business to be done. The Noyyal River runs through the city and forms the southern boundary of corporation. EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE It is well connected by road and rail. The nearest airport is in Coimbatore. HISTORY OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN TIRUPUR Tirupur used to be a center for cotton trading a few decades ago. It was only in the early 1980s that some enterprising businessman got the idea that the same facilities could be used to manufacture colored T-shirts. It is one of the important garment clusters in India, providing employment to more than 3,00,000 people directly and indirectly. In due course, Tirupur cotton market and ginning factories lost their edge to similar centers that emerged elsewhere in the country.

GROWTH

Study Area Background

Textile Industry Output of Tirupur for the year 1994- 1995 Value (US $ million) Weight (Tonnes) Exports Domestic Total 685.71 142.85 828.56 71,600 50,000 121,600

The entire town s economic activity is centered on the manufacture of cotton knitwear: for use as banians, and for use as T-shirts.

In 1995, the annual value of production in Tirupur was estimated at US$ 828 million. Tirupur is a job working center and not a The average price of a T-shirt at the factory brand exporter. gate is around US$ 2. There are an estimated 4,000 small and medium units in the town which specialize in different aspects of the production process such as knitting, bleaching, dyeing calendering, finishing and printing. The exporters
Breakdown of Units in the Textile Industry of Tirupur Activity Number of Units Knitting Bleaching Dyeing Steam Calendering Finishing Printing 650 400 300 150 2000 300

take up job work for brand marketers in developed countries and do not sell their own brands. The exporter, who may have no manufacturing facility, the key player in the industry.

Source: Tirupur Exporters Association

Technology & Processes

There are six production processes involved in the manufacture of knitted garments: KNITTING It is the first step, in which, the fabric is made from yarn. The output is in the form of a hose. SCOURING The knitted fabrics are scoured in a bleaching or dyeing unit by boiling with caustic soda in open tanks. The fabric is then washed in freshwater.

BLEACHING Bleaching is done manually or mechanically in a winch.

DYEING

Technology & Processes

FINISHING After calendering, the fabric is ready to be made into garments in the finishing units. These units use electrically operated stitching machines and electric irons. Some of the processes like embroidery require sophisticated computer controlled machines.

CALENDERING After dyeing, the fabric is passed through steam heated rollers in the steam calendering machines.

WATER ISSUE

Impacts

Water is a major requirement of the industry since, the area is dry and much of the groundwater is polluted. The industry pays around US$ 6 million annually to bring the water by trucks . In addition, the attempt of earning quick money small farmers sells uncontaminated groundwater to the industry instead of using it for farming. The other half of the water requirement is met from the few bore-wells due to which the groundwater table is going down rapidly. The industrial effluents are drained out untreated into a dry river. The effluents accumulate at a reservoir, built originally for irrigation, around 15 km away. The water is saline, highly colored and contains toxic dyes. The entire agricultural operations in the neighborhood have been badly affected by the groundwater contamination. Under pressure from the regulatory authorities, it is planned to set up nine traditional common effluent treatment plants (CETP) at an estimated cost of US$ 30 million including the cost of piping the effluents.

NOYYAL RIVER The toxic waters from the dying industries has eventually entered the agricultural field of western Tamil Nadu rendering them barren.

Impacts

This eventually lead to the close down of nearly 654 units in the city.

The effect of the polluted water of Noyyal River was first felt by the 1.5 lakh farmers all over 100 villages of Tirupur, Erode and Karur districts.

The pumping of effluents resulted in the dying of millions of fishes within the river.

COTTON PROBLEMS At the end of the year 2009 the city suffered from increasing rate in cotton.

Impacts

Big billionaire's in India started to do a new business of stocking cotton in big quantity, which can make a demand for the cotton and when the demand reaches its peak the billionaire's sell the cotton for higher prices. This began to problem the domestic markets, where the garments can't be sold for higher rates. Many domestic companies experienced heavy losses and many of the companies and people lose their jobs. The yarn increased 100% in its rates. The cotton export made the units suffer a great loss. FIREWOOD PROBLEMS The firewood is brought in by the felling of trees from the nearby Nilgiri Hills (part of the Western Ghats mountain range, about 100 km from Tirupur). The wood cover in the Nilgiri Hills is rapidly depleting. The steam calendering industry uses over half of this quantity, for steam generation. The bleaching and dyeing industry uses the rest. The firewood is used in inefficient boilers at 850 different production centers.

SOLID WASTE Nearly 40 tonnes of combustible solid waste is generated every day by the textile industry. This comprises paper and textile scrap (rags and threads). An estimated 250 tonnes per day of municipal waste is generated by the households. These industrial and municipal wastes presently lie littered over the town, untreated and unused. Using the heat value of the waste would also help in reducing the consumption of firewood.

Impacts

CONCLUSION

Conclusion

Though faced with a number of problems Tirupur Knit wear will still known as a small business town in the 80 s, which has now grown as a Municipal Corporation . It has attracted the attention of both the policy makers and businessmen at the national and international levels, mainly because of its continuous business growth and its outstanding performance. This has been the result of self initiatives taken by the entrepreneurs in the cluster to address the issues which were affecting the growth of their business. The declining market demand has made a negative impact in the last one year, in the growth of the cluster. Exports from the cluster did not increase, in terms of units during the year 2008-09; in comparison to the previous year. The demand in domestic market is still positive. The three driving factors of the cluster are  joint initiatives in the form of firm strategy  structure and rivalry  different government schemes and innovative BDS.

REFERENCES

References

Project report on Tirupur Knitwear and Apparel Cluster, prepared by Small Industries Development Bank of India Under SMEFDP Report on case study of the Textile Industry in Tirupur Audio-Visual presentation on Industrial Ecology- Anew Planning Platform Times of India, Ahmadabad, Thursday, Aug 25th 2011, Dead River s Revenge .

Thank You