W MOHD TALQIFF IMAN BIN WAN AHMAD RAFIDI PK/ PJ/ BM SEM.

3/ 2011

What is an adjective?
y An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun by

describing, identifying, or quantifying words

y An adjective usually precedes the noun or the pronoun

which it modifies

y Adjectives usually answer three questions about the

nouns they describe :y What kind of?

y y

I found a red rose in the cave. What kind of rose? Red.

y How many?
y y

Three tickets, please. How many tickets? Three.

y Which one(s)?
y y

I would eat these muffins. Which muffins? These.

Type of Adjective
y Possessive Adjectives y Demonstrative Adjectives y Interrogative Adjectives y Common Adjectives y Proper Adjectives

Possessive Adjectives
y A possessive adjective ("my," "your," "his," "her," "its," "our," "their") is similar or identical to a possessive pronoun y However, it is used as an adjective and modifies a noun or a noun phrase, as in the following sentences:
y

I can't complete my assignment because I don't have the textbook.

y In this sentence, the possessive adjective "my" modifies "assignment

y What is your phone number.

y Here the possessive adjective "your" is used to modify

the noun phrase "phone number

y We have lost our way in this wood.

y In this sentence, the possessive adjective "our"

modifies "way"

Demonstrative adjective
y this, that, these, those are called demonstrative adjectives. y They point out nouns. y They always answer the question which one? y Example: y Lets play this game and later watch that movie. y This apartment needs to be fumigated. y Here, "this" modifies apartment and game & that modifies movie

Interrogative Adjectives
y An interrogative adjective ("which" or "what") is like an interrogative pronoun y Except that it modifies a noun or noun phrase rather than standing on its own y Which plants should be watered twice a week? y Like other adjectives, "which" can be used to modify a noun or a noun phrase y In this example, "which" modifies "plants"

Common adjective
y A simple, regular adjective y It describes a noun in a general way y Example : y sharp, flexible, hot, red, hidden, dripping, nice, huge, small, big, tall,

Proper adjective
y Derived from a proper noun and is capitalized y Proper noun Proper adjective y China Chinese y California Californian y Mars Martian y Spain Spanish y Christianity Christian y Japan Japanese y Hollywood ollywood y Texas Texas y Sometimes, as in last two examples, a proper noun does not change at

all to become a proper adjective.

Where an adjective goes in a sentence.

y Usually an adjective comes in front of the noun it is

describing.
y The big balloon floated over the dark sea.

y An adjective can also come after a linking verb like to

be, and describe the subject of the sentence. y In this case it is called predicate adjective.
y The balloon was dark.

Comparison of adjectives
y Positive degree

the simplest form. y Comparative degree comparing two things or persons. y Superlative degree comparing three or more things or persons.
Positive Large Horrible Comparative Larger More horrible Superlative Largest Most horrible

How to compare adjectives

y Add -er and -est to short adjectives of one syllable

(sometimes two syllables)

Positive short great small Old Comparative shorter greater smaller older Superlative shortest greatest smallest oldest

y If a short adjective ends with consonant and y, change

the y to i and add er and est.

Positive lucky heavy ugly happy

Comparative luckier heavier uglier happier

Superlative luckiest heaviest ugliest happiest

y If a short adjective ends with e, add -er and -st.

Positive fine little

Comparative finer littler

Superlative Finest littlest

y Put more(less) and most(least) in front of longer

adjectives (with two or more syllables) to show comparison.

Positive appealing remarkable beautiful alert Comparative Less appealing More remarkable More beautiful More alert Superlative Least appealing Most remarkable Most beautiful Most alert

If you are uncertain whether to add er and est or to use more and most, then check dictionary. In most cases, you can trust your ears.

y Some adjectives are irregular adjectives and don't follow thee rules. y They change form considerably from one degree to the next.

List of irregular adjectives

Positive bad far far good many Well (healthy) Comparative worse further farther better more better Superlative worst Furthest Farthest Best Most best

Never use er or est at the same time you use more or most. These are incorrect: more shorter, most alertest

Incomparable adjectives
y Some adjectives cannot be compared because the

positive (simplest) form expresses the only degree possible.

y List of incomparable adjectives: y perfect, unique, fatal, universal, dead, wrong, straight, blind, final, vertical, right, left