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Using the Minimum Standards in Water Supply, Sanitation & Hygiene Promotion
Togolese Red Cross volunteers demonstrate how to properly use an insecticide-treated bednet - Canadian Red Cross photo by Marko Kokic
The maximum distance from any shelter to nearest water point is 500 meters (
Water Supply - average use is at least 15 liters of water per person per day So 20,000 people would need 20,000 X 15 liters = 300,000 liters per day. This amounts to a storage container of 300 cubic meters. That is to say a cube of water 6m x 7m x7m.
Children from Dos Puertas, El Salvador drawing water from newly installed tapstands. (Tank behind is 10,000 liter capacity.) Part of earthquake emergency response. Photo: Rachel Stabb/OXFAM
10,500 liters
2.3 m
45,000 liters
1.5 m
70,000 liters
2.3 m
95,000 liters
What in the world are Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTUs)? They are the units we use when we measure Turbidity. The term Nephelometric refers to the way the instrument estimates how light is scattered by suspended particulate material in the water. The Nephelometer, also called a turbidimeter, attached to the RUSS unit has the photocell (similar to the one on your camera or your bathroom nightlight) set at 90 to the direction of the light beam to estimate scattered rather than absorbed light. This measurement generally provides a very good correlation with the concentration of particles in the water that affect clarity.
http://lake access.org/russ/turbidity.htm
CDC photo
Afghan children collect water from a hand pump provided by UNICEF in the Naser Bagh refugee settlement in Peshawar, Pakistan.
Locally available, 20-liter plastic jerry cans, used in A large-scale implementation project funded by the CARE/CDC Health Initiative that is being incorporated into CAREs Programme MAHAVITA
Tanker, bladder tank, and tapstand. What indicators would apply in the design, layout, purchasing or installation of these components?
If there are 35,000 people in this camp, how many latrines are needed? Where do you put them in the camp?
Garbage Dump/Pit
InterWorks photo
Conclusions.
1. Hygiene promotion 2. Water supply 3. Excreta disposal 4. Vector control 5. Solid waste management 6. Drainage
These standards and their supporting indicators illustrate an integrated system of analysis of needs, provision of water, and management of waste that should be well-coordinated if public health is to be preserved. Each part supports and is supported by the others.