Wiring System

Types of Wiring
1. Cleat Wiring
2. Batten Wiring

(a) PVC Batten wiring. (b) TRS Wiring. (c) Lead Sheath Wiring. 3. Casing Capping wiring (a) Wood Casing capping Wiring (b) PVC Casing Capping Wiring.

Contd..
4. Conduit Wiring

(a) Surface conduit wiring Metal Conduit Wiring PVC conduit wiring (b) Concealed Conduit Wiring Metal Conduit Wiring. PVC Conduit wiring

CLEAT WIRING
Introduction

The types of wiring to be adopted is dependent on various factors, viz, durability, safety, appearance, cost, consumers budget etc. Cleat wiring This System uses insulated Cables sub protected in porcelain cleats.

Cleat Wiring
Cleat wiring is recommended only for temporary

installations. The cleats are made in pairs having bottom and top halves. The bottom half is grooved to receive the wire and the top half is for cable grip. Initially the bottom and top cleats are fixed on the wall loosely according to the layout. Then the cable is drawn, tensioned and the cleats are tightened by the screw. Cleats are of three types, having one, two or three grooves, so as to receive one, two or three wires. Two types of cleats.

Cleat Wiring...
Cleat wiring is one of the cheapest wiring considering the

initial cost and labor, and is most suitable for temporary wiring. This wiring can be quickly installed, easily inspected and altered. When not required, this wiring could be dismantled without damage to the cables, cleats and accessories

Batten Wiring
Batten Wiring

Tough rubber-Sheathed (T.R.S.) or PVC- Sheathed cables are suitable to run on teak wood battens. Varnishing of teak wood batten Method of securing the battens Suitability of tough rubber-sheathed cable Suitability of PVC sheathed cable Painting Bending in wiring Passing through the walls Buried cable

 Link Clips

Link clips are used for family clipping the cables in position. Link clips are of two types. Link clip which has separate linking eye. Joint link clip which has combined linking eye. Link clip are available in the following size.


25mm, 32mm, 40mm, 50mm, 63mm, 80mm, out of which

up to 40mm clips have one hole, while above that they have two holes for fixing. Fig below shows the joint link clips. These are available in the sizes 16mm, 25mm, 32mm, 40mm, 50mm, 63mm, 80mm with a thickness of 0.32mm and have one hole up to 40mm while above that they have two hole for fixing. Link clips are made of tin or brass- coated tin or aluminum

Casing Capping Wiring

Introduction

This system of wiring is suitable for low voltage installation. In this wiring, cables like vulcanized rubber, insulated cables or plastic insulated cables are use and carried within the wood casing enclosures. The wood casing wiring system shall not be use in damp places and in ill-ventilated places, unless suitable precautions are taken.


Material and pattern of casing

All casing shall be of first class, seasoned teak wood or any other approved hardwood free from knots, shakes, saps or other defects, with all the sides planed to a smooth finish, and all sides well varnished, both inside and out side with pure shellac varnish. The casing shall have a grooved body with a beaded or plain- moulded cover as desired


Dimensions of casing.

The size of casing and capping to be used for various sizes of 250 volts grade insulated cables in a groove shall be in accordance with those specified in table 1. Bunching of circuits. Attachment of casing to wall and ceiling. Attachment of capping. Passing over the floors. Joints in casing and capping.

Specifications
Types of Joint Straight joint. Tee joint. Right- angled joint. Corner joint. Tee-bridge joint. Cross- bridge joint.

1. Straight Joint

2. Tee Joint

3. Corner Joint

4. Cross Joint

Conduit Wiring
Introduction

A conduit is defined as a tube or channel. Tubular conduit is the most commonly used material in electrical installations. When cables are drawn through the conduit and terminated at the outlet or switch points, the system of wiring is called conduit wiring.

 Types of conduits.

There are four types of conduits used for wiring. 1. Rigid steel conduit 2. Rigid non-metallic conduit 3. Flexible steel conduit 4. Flexible non metallic conduit

 PVC Fittings and accessories couplers

1. Couplers 2. Elbow

3. Bends
4. Tee 5. Circular boxes

6. Rectangular boxes.

 Couplers

 L- Bow

 Bends

 Tees

 Circular Boxes

 Rectangular Boxes

 Junction Boxes

 Saddles

BIS Recommendations
B.I.S. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CLEAT General

WIRING

This system shall not be employed for wiring on damp walls or ceilings unless precautions are adopted for effectively preventing dampness and thus the deterioration of the insulation of the conductors. Accessibility Cleat wiring shall be run, as far as practicable, so as to be visible. In positions where they would be liable to mechanical injury and where they are less than 1.5 m above the floor, they shall be adequately protected.


Class of cables

Vulcanized rubber insulted cables, PVC and polythene insulted cables, braided or unbraided insulted cables could be used without any further protection. Cleats All cleats shall consist of two parts, a base piece and a cap. Cleats shall be fixed at distances not more than 60 cm apart and at regular intervals. Where cleat wiring is laid along an iron joist, porcelain cleats shall be inserted either with varnished wood fillets or varnished wood clamps securely fixed so as to prevent the conductors from coming in contact with the metal along witch they are passing.


Fixing of cleats

In ordinary cases, cleats shall be attached to wooden plugs fixed to the walls Crossing of conductors Where cleated conductors cross each other they shall be separated by an insulating bridging piece, which will rigidly maintain a distance of atleast1.3 cm between the conductors. Where joints are required for connecting bifurcating wires, junction boxes with porcelain connectors inside shall be used. Protection near the floor No cleat wiring shall be left unprotected up to 1.5 m above the floor level. When brought through the floor it shall be enclosed in a conduit. (IS 732-1963).

Code of Practice for Interior Wiring

No lighting circuit should contain more than 20 points or

800Watts Switches must be placed only on live wires. Each circuit should be provided with a separate cut-out in the distribution board for their live wires. When the total load exceeds 8KVA for lighting only, 3-phase supply is to be taken and load must be distributed over all 3 phases. The main switch of the service must be within 150mm from meter. Plug socket should be of 3 pin type with 3rd pin connected to ground. Power or heating circuit must be drawn separately in AEH installation from main board.

Contd..
The switch board must be at 1.5m from ground level. All lamps or fixtures should have a minimum clearance

of 2.5m from floor level. When load exceeds 5KVA installation must have earth leakage circuit breaker. Current rating of the fuse must be according to load. All metallic parts such as iron clad, bodies of appliances must be earthed. All installation must have a miniature circuit breaker corresponding to load (if load is less than 5KVA)

Specification of Wiring Material

Casing & Capping:
Varnished TW case with twin grooves having a cross

section of 40mmX12.5mm along with varnished teak wood capping of 4mm thick and 40mm width. Or PVC case and cap of 30mm width and 11mm depth. Batten for CTS system: TW battens, 15mm thick of appropriate width. Clips for CTS system Brass clips of appropriate length and thick. PVC conduit pipe: Diameter and thickness of pipe.

Contd..
Saddle: Depends on the diameter of pipe. Cable: Lamp Holders Type Batten or angle or pendent Current range 5A Material Brass or bakelite SP Switch Current range 5A or 15A No of Ways - single way or two way Material Used Bakelite or porcelain with Bakelite cover Type Tumbler type or Flush type Voltage Grade 250V

Contd..
DP Switch Current range 15A, 30A, or 60A Type Flush or Iron clad Voltage grade 250V Ceiling Rose Current rating 5A Type Two plate or three plate Material Bakelite Voltage grade 250V Wall Plug Socket Current range 5A / 15A Type Flush or Tumbler No.of Pins 2pin or 3pin 3/2pin Material Porcelain base Bakelite covered or fully Bakelite Voltage 250V