COMPUTER HARDWARE

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SOFTWARE - Con,d

Week 6-7
CIN 305 Preliminary Computing
Source: www.farhansherazi.com

Chapter

Section D INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES

Expansion slots, cards and ports: How does a computer get data from RAM to a peripheral device?
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Data Bus carries data from one component to another I/O (computer jargon for input/output) refers to collecting data and transporting results. Expansion bus - the segment of the data bus that transports data between RAM and peripheral devices

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TYPES OF EXPANSION BUSES

Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Advanced Graphic Port (AGP) Universal serial bus (USB) FireWire buses

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HPSB high performance serial bus Used with digital camcorders & video editing software

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 TYPES OF EXPANSION BUSES

The microcomputer motherboard typically has up to three types of expansion slots:

ISA - older technology, modems and slow devices PCI - for graphics, sound, video, modem or network cards AGP - for graphics cards

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Expansion cards are built for only one type of slot

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USB AND HPSB PORTS

USB

Port Replacing serial and parallel ports Faster Each port can support more than one device HPSB Port FireWire ports Faster then USB ports

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CABLES
Connect Newer

cables
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Input/Output devices

AGP

Mouse

graphics monitor joy stick; scanner

Keyboard
Printer Monitor

USB

HPSB

video camera

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MAJOR TYPES OF EXPANSION CABLES

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MAJOR TYPES OF SOFTWARE

Software (Programs):
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Coded instructions for manipulating computer hardware and data.

Application software (often called Applications):

Programs that perform useful functions for users (e.g., Microsoft Access)
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SYSTEM SOFTWARE

Programs that operate computer hardware

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Operating System (e.g., Microsoft Windows for PCs); User interface commands and/or screens through which the

user interacts with the system

(Note: user interface also has hardware parts keyboard, mouse)

Programming languages

FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM (OS)

Think on terms of peoples management

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Allocation and Assignment

Allocates hardware to application software tasks (e.g., Timesharing of processor; primary memory allocation and Virtual Memory creation)

Scheduling

Scheduling processing, inputs and outputs

Monitoring

Keeps tracks of users and tasks

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EXAMPLES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS

Windows (XP, ME, 98, 95...) Mac OS Versions for home & corporate; supports Internet and multimedia; improved networking, security, and corporate management capabilities Apple computers, alternative to PCs; microprocessor with graphical capabilities For different categories of computers and for networking. Portable to various computer hardware platforms UNIX for PCs; open source
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UNIX

Linux

Palm OS

Handheld computers, Personal Digital Assistants

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To put it all together

User

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User Interface
Application Software Operating System Hardware

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PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

Used for making application software

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Todays standards:

Third Generation (instructions more English-like)

Fourth Generation (easy to use) Web development, markup languages - HTML, XML

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THIRD AND FOURTH GENERATION

Third Generation Programming Languages

Example: COBOL (COmmon Business Oriented Language)

Business ISes; Process large data files, numbers & text

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Fourth Generation Programming Languages

Report Generators (create customized reports for managers - MIS/RS)

Macros in Word processing, spreadsheets etc. software Programming modules in tax programs, accounting packages

Languages for retrieving databases query languages (Ch. 8)

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MARKUP LANGUAGES FOR WEB

HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)

Controls display of Web pages

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XML (eXtensible Markup Language)

Describes structure of document & its data

Document transfer between different systems

XBRL

eXtensible Business Reporting Language Making financial statements & reports easier to prepare
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MANAGEMENT OF SOFTWARE ASSETS

Rent Versus Buy Versus Build

ASP (Application Service Provider)

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Company that provides software (and sometimes hardware) that is rented over the network

Maintenance important and expensive

Selecting Software

Appropriateness, Efficiency, Compatibility and Vendor

Support
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