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Y. Ravi Kumar
Asst. Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engg. National Institute of Technology Warangal- 506 004
Workload (3-0-0)
3 hours of theory
3 Credits
Lecture Plan
Lecture No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Topic Introduction to CAD: CAD and CAD Tools Display Visualization Aids, Requirements of Modelling
14
15
Lecture No. 16 17 18
Topic Transformation matrix, Transformation of coordinate systems Representation of Curves: Wireframe models and entities Representation of polygons, Equation of the plane (ASSIGNMENT II) Representation of Curved lines and Surfaces Parametric and Geometric Continuity Splines Bezier Curves Bezier Curves B-Spline Curves B-Spline Curves (MID EXAM) Representation of Surfaces: Surface Models and entities Planar Surfaces
19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28
29 30
Cylindrical Surfaces
Ruled Surfaces Surface of Revolution (ASSIGNMENT III)
Topic
Solid Modelling: Solid Models and entities B-Rep Models (MINOR II) Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) Feature Based Modelling
39
40 41 42 43
44
45 46 47 48
Viewing Coordinates
Viewing Pipe line 3 D Clipping CAD Data Exchange Formats: IGES, STEP ACIS and DXF (END SEMESTER EXAM)
Mode of Evaluation/Grading
1. Assignments (4)
2. Minors (2) 2. Mid Examination 3. End Semester Examination
: 05M
: 15M : 30M : 50M
Introduction
CAD (Computer Aided Design) CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) CAE (Computer Aided Engineering)
Memory capacity, processing speed, Interactive graphics
Product cycle
DESIGN PROCESS
Design Need Design definition, Specifications Feasibility Study with Collecting Design Information
Synthesis
Analysis
Design Documentation Design Evaluation Design Optimization Design Analysis Design Modeling Design Conceptualization
CAD + CAE
Process Planning
Production Planning
Production
Quality Control
Packaging
Shipping
CAM
Order Material
Marketing
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Design documentation
Computer Aided Drafting system Automatic Drafting Program
Why CAD/CAM/CAE ??
Globalization Technological Innovation e-commerce Tough Competition
Product Cycle
Design
Manufacturing
CAM
MasterCAM PowerMill
CAE
ANSYS I-DEAS MoldFlow
example part
1 CAD Model
2 Sliced Model
3 Layered Manufacturing
Applications of RP
Virtual Reality
Virtual Reality (VR) is a way for humans to visualize, manipulate and interact with computers and extremely complex data. VR is the term for the creation of an artificial world by the use of computer systems. The user is able to navigate in this world and gets the impression of being inside of it.
Modeling in VR
Applications of VR
VR Devices
Reverse Engineering
Start
Finished product
Old product with no drawings A competitors product needs to be analyzed New design based on existing model Refurbish existing tooling Spare parts are not available from original system
makers Internal defects of castings or forgings need to be analyzed A part is first modeled in Clay, Wood or Foam and needs to be transferred in to a CAD format
Reverse Engineering
The process of duplicating an existing component or product, without the aid of drawings, documentation, or computer model. A process that results in creation of a mathematical model from a physical object.
CNC Machine
Scope of CAD/CAM
Geometric modeling CAD Computer graphics CAD Automation
CAM
Design
Design
Manufacturing
Geometric modeling
Computer graphics
CAM
Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP) NC Programming Design of Injection Moulds CMM verification Inspection Assembly via robots Packaging
CAD/CAM Softwares
Network
Client/Server or Standalone Applications
Data structure
Well-defined storage scheme that store model data (geometry & topology)
Database
Stores the model information with file extensions (.prt, .asm, .dwg)
Operating systems
Unix/Linux/Windows/Macintosh
Syntax
Learn the structure of software GUI and where to find commands when needed.
Programming Module
Communication Module
Collaborative Module
Geometric Module
It is the heart of a CAD/CAM system It includes:
Geometric Modeling Construction
The ultimate goal of an engineer is to utilize these models for design and manufacturing purposes.
Application Module
The model is utilized Manufacturing purposes. It includes:
for
Design
and
Mass property calculations Assembly Analysis Mechanisms Analysis Tolerance Analysis Sheet metal design Finite Element Modeling & Analysis Animation Simulation & Analysis of plastic injection moulding CAPP CNC programming Robot programming & Simulation
Programming Module
It allows users to customize systems by Programming them to fit certain design & manufacturing tasks.
It requires advanced knowledge of the system architecture, its database format, and a high level programming language such as C,C++, Java etc.,
Communication Module
It is crucial if integration is to be achieved between the CAD/CAM systems, other computer systems, and manufacturing facilities. It is common to network the system to transfer the CAD database to the shop floor for production. This module also serves the purpose of translating databases between CAD/CAM systems using Graphics Standards such as IGES & STEP.
Collaborative Module
It is emerging as an outcome of the widespread of the WWW and Internet. This module supports collaborative design. Various design teams in different geographical locations can work concurrently on the same part, assembly, or drawing file in real time over the Web. One team can make changes that other teams can view and accept or reject.
Midrange systems
These tend to target users who have complex modeling needs. The number of parts per products is large. They either bundle them with the geometric modeling engine or work with partners. Examples: SolidWorks, Pro/E, MasterCAM
Wireframe Modeling
Surface Modeling Solid Modeling
Wireframe
List of
Curve equations Coordinates of points
Connectivity
Easy method
Ambiguity
No mass, no surface
Wireframe
Surface Modeler
Wireframe data + Surfaces
Connectivity, Adjacency Interpolation of points, curve nets Translation or sweeping of curves
Solid Modeler
Has a closed volume
Knows in or out
Primitives
Boolean Operations
Feature-based Design
Parametric Modeling
Feature-based
Dimension data
Geometric Constrains Assembly Modeling No standard of data exchange IGES (Initial Graphic Exchange Standards)