Speech and Language Disorders

What are Speech and Language Disorders?
Speech and language disorders are a grouping of disorders

that involve problems in communication. Speech disorders
refer to difficulties producing speech sounds or problems
with voice quality. Language disorders refer to impairment in
the ability to understand and/or use words in context,
either verbally, nonverbally, or both. These disorders range
in severity from sound substitutions to the inability to
comprehend or use language.
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What Causes Speech and Language Disorders?

There are many causes of speech and language disorders;
however, many times the cause of the speech and
language disorder is unknown. Some of the known causes
include:
Hearing loss,
Neurological disorders,
Brain injury such as head trauma or stroke,
Mental retardation,
Drug abuse,
Physical impairments such as cleft palate,
Vocal abuse or misuse,
Autism.
Speech and language disorders (often associated

with other disorders)
Speech disorder refers to difficulty in
producing sounds (cleft palate).
Language disorder refers to difficulty in
receiving, understanding, and formulating ideas and
information.
Types of Speech and Language Disorders

Some types of speech and language disorders
include:
1. Apraxia of Speech Difficulty sequencing and
executing speech movements.
2. Nonverbal Learning DisorderThis is a neurological

condition thought to result from damage to the right
hemisphere of the brain. There are three categories of
this disorder: motor, visual-spatial-organizational, and
social. The social category pertains to speech and
language disorders as one symptom of this type is
difficulty comprehending nonverbal communication.
3. HyperlexiaThis condition includes the ability to read

far above the normal reading level for a persons age,
significant difficulty understanding and using verbal
language, and difficulty in reciprocal interactions.
4. Auditory Processing DisorderThis is a disorder that
affects how sound is processed and interpreted.
5. StutteringThis is a disorder that may cause a person

to repeat syllables when saying a word. This can be
accompanied by eye rolling, blinking, and head jerks.
Stuttering is influenced by psychological factors but is
not an emotional or nervous disorder.
6. Speech and Language DelayA child is considered to

have a speech and/or a language delay when he or she is
following the normal path of speech and/or language
development but at a slower rate. While it can be related
to cognitive development, this is not always the case.
7. Perceptive-Expressive Language DisorderThis is an

impairment in both receptive and expressive language
development.
8. Pervasive Developmental DisordersThese disorders,

such as autism, Retts Disorder, Childhood Disintegrative
Disorder, and Aspergers Syndrome can be the cause of
speech and language disorders.
9. Pragmatic Language DisorderIndividuals with this

disorder have difficulty using language to
effectively communicate with others.
10. Phonological DisorderDifficulty using expected

speech sounds appropriate to ones age and dialect
is characteristic of this disorder.
WHAT IS A COMMUNICATION DISORDER?

A communication disorder is an inability to understand or
use speech and language to relate to others in society.
This can be divided into four areas:
- Language: involves listening, speaking, reading and writing
- Articulation: the pronunciation of sounds and words
- Voice: the sound produced by vibration of the
vocal cords
- Stuttering: a disruption in the normal flow or rhythm of
speech
THE IMPORTANCE OF
COMMUNICATION
The ability to communicate effectively is an essential

skill in modern society
Speech and language skills are the most critical human
function allowing for full participation in society because:
Language provides the main method of establishing and
maintaining social relationships
Language constitutes a principal means of organizing
behaviour and is central to the normal acquisition of
many cognitive and academic skills, particularly literacy
WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF

COMMUNICATION DISORDERS?
The brain is very complex and our understanding of how it
works is very limited. For the majority of Communication
Disorders, we do not understand the cause. However, we
do have an understanding of how to help many children
maximize their speech and language development
1.
(Articulator Disorders)
4
1.1
"" ""
1.2
"" ""

2. (Voice
Disorders) 3

2.1
3.

(Speech Flow
Disorders) 5
3.1

3.2

1. (Delayed
Language) 5

1.1
1.2

1.3
2.
(Aphasia)

7

2.1
2.2
3. (Specific Language
Disabilities)

2
3.1 (Congenital Aphasia)
2
3.2
1. (Hard of Hearing)

1.
26

40 (dB)
2.
41 - 55 (dB)
3.

56
70 (dB)
4.

71 - 90 (dB)

1. (Speech)

2. (Sign Language)

3. (Finger spelling)

4. (Lip reading)
(Sign Language)
(Gestural communication)

1.
(The hand shape)

2. (The positions of the hand)

1.

2.


Speech and Language Disorders

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What are Speech and Language Disorders?

Speech and language disorders are a grouping of disorders

What Causes Speech and Language Disorders?

Speech and language disorders (often associated

Types of Speech and Language Disorders

2. Nonverbal Learning DisorderThis is a neurological

3. HyperlexiaThis condition includes the ability to read

5. StutteringThis is a disorder that may cause a person

6. Speech and Language DelayA child is considered to

7. Perceptive-Expressive Language DisorderThis is an

8. Pervasive Developmental DisordersThese disorders,

9. Pragmatic Language DisorderIndividuals with this

10. Phonological DisorderDifficulty using expected

WHAT IS A COMMUNICATION DISORDER?

The ability to communicate effectively is an essential

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF

(The hand shape)

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