WAP stands for Wireless Application Protocol WAP is used to access services and information WAP is for handheld

devices such as mobile phones WAP is a protocol designed for micro browsers WAP enables the creating of web applications for

mobile devices.

WAP uses the mark-up language WML (not HTML) WML is defined as an XML 1.0 application

WAP is published by the WAP Forum, founded in 1997 by Ericsson, Motorola,

Nokia, and Unwired Planet.

Forum members now represent over 90% of the global handset market, as well as leading infrastructure providers, software developers and other organizations.

There are Two types of WAP models:-

WEB Model Internet Model

The Internet model makes it possible for a client to reach services on a large

number of origin servers.

Each services is addressed by a unique Uniform Resource Locator (URL).

WAP Gateway/Proxy is the entity that connects the wireless domain with the Internet. We should make a note that the request that is sent from the wireless client to the WAP Gateway/Proxy uses the Wireless Session Protocol (WSP). In its essence, WSP is a binary version of HTTP.
A markup language - the Wireless Markup Language (WML) has been adapted to develop optimized WAP applications. In order to save valuable bandwidth in the wireless network, WML can be encoded into a compact binary format. Encoding WML is one of the tasks performed by the WAP Gateway/Proxy.

Application Layer

Wireless Application Environment (WAE). This layer is of most interest to content developers because it contains, among other

things, device specifications and the content development

programming languages, WML and WMLScript.

Session Layer

Wireless Session Protocol (WSP). Unlike HTTP, WSP has been designed
by the WAP Forum to provide fast connection suspension and reconnection.

WSP-The WAP session protocol (WSP) layer provides a lightweight

session layer to allow efficient exchange of data between applications.

Transaction Layer

Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP). The WTP runs on top of a datagram service such as User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and is part of the standard suite of TCP/IP protocols used to provide a simplified protocol suitable for low bandwidth wireless stations.

Security Layer

Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS). WTLS incorporates security features that are based upon the established Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol standard. It includes data integrity checks, privacy, service denial, and authentication services.

Transport layer
Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP). The WDP allows WAP to be bearer-independent by adapting the transport layer of the underlying bearer. The WDP presents a consistent data format to the higher layers of the WAP protocol stack, thereby offering

the advantage of bearer independence to

application developers.

To enable easy, fast delivery of relevant information and services to mobile users.

It consists of a WML language

specification, a WMLScript specification, and a Wireless Telephony Application Interface (WTAI) specification.

Which wireless networks does WAP work with? WAP is designed to work with most wireless networks such as CDPD, CDMA, GSM, PDC, PHS, TDMA, FLEX, ReFLEX, iDEN, TETRA, DECT, DataTAC, Mobitex.

 Handheld

digital wireless devices such as mobile phones, pagers, two-way radios, smartphones, and communicators -- from lowend to high-end.

To fit into a small wireless terminal, WAP uses a Micro Browser. A Micro Browser is a small piece of software that makes minimal

demands on hardware, memory and CPU. It can display

information written in a restricted mark-up language called WML.

The Micro Browser can also interpret a reduced version of JavaScript called WMLScript.

Checking train table information Ticket purchase

Flight check in
Viewing traffic information Checking weather conditions Looking up stock values Looking up phone numbers